4 K节流制冷机预冷温度及压力特性影响研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190144

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空间4 K JT节流制冷是实现深空探测任务的关键技术之一。基于4 K温区开式节流制冷机实验台，理论分析末级预冷温度及高压压力对理论最大制冷量的影响，给出不同工况下最优末级预冷温度及最优高压压力的选择。开展实验测试验证理论计算。分别测试了末级预冷温度为15 K时，五种高压压力（0.829、1.103、1.775、1.837和2.154 MPa）以及高压压力1.773 MPa时三种不同预冷温度（11.5、15.0和18.0 K）下的最大制冷性能，实验结果变化趋势与理论值吻合较好。预冷温度及压力特性影响研究为后续节流系统整体压缩机及预冷机最优状态耦合匹配奠定基础。

关键词: JT, 液氦温区, 预冷温度, 压力

Abstract:

Space 4 K Joule-Thomson (JT) throttling cooling is one of the key technologies for deep space exploration missions. Based on the existing experimental system of a precooled 4 K JT cryocooler, the effects of the precooling temperature and the high pressure on the maximum cooling capacity are analyzed theoretically. Then, the optimal precooling temperature and high pressure under different working conditions are involved. The experimental studies are developed to verify the theoretical calculations. The maximum cooling performance were tested under five different high pressures (0.829 MPa, 1.103 MPa, 1.775 MPa, 1.837 MPa, and 2.154 MPa) at the final pre-cooling temperature of 15 K and three different pre-cooling temperatures (11.5 K, 15.0 K and 18.0 K) at high pressure 1.773 MPa. The trend of the experimental results is in good agreement with the theoretical values. The study on the influence of precooling temperature and pressure characteristics will be helpful for optimizing the coupling matching of the compressor and precooling cooler for the 4 K JT system.

Key words: JT, liquid helium, precooling temperature, pressure

中图分类号:

TB 661

董彩倩, 刘少帅, 蒋珍华, 汤逸豪, 向振之, 崔晓钰, 吴亦农. 4 K节流制冷机预冷温度及压力特性影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(12): 4528-4535.

Caiqian DONG, Shaoshuai LIU, Zhenhua JIANG, Yihao TANG, Zhenzhi XIANG, Xiaoyu CUI, Yinong WU. Study on precooling temperature and pressure characteristics of 4 KJoule-Thomson cryocooler[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(12): 4528-4535.

图/表 10

图1 GM预冷开式JT节流制冷系统流程示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of GM/JT cryocooler

图2 JT节流核心单元及P-h图

Fig.2 JT unit and P-h diagram

图3 不同末级预冷工况下JT节流核心单元P-h图

Fig.3 P-h diagram of JT throttling core unit under different upper pre-cooling conditions

图4 不同高压工况下JT节流核心单元P-h图

Fig.4 P-h diagram of JT throttling core unit under different high pressure conditions

图5 不同高压压力时Ta对单位制冷量的影响

Fig.5 Effect of Ta on refrigeration capacity at different high pressure

图6 不同预冷温度时Ph对单位制冷量的影响

Fig.6 Effect of Ph on refrigeration capacity at different pre-cooling temperatures

图7 液氦温区GM预冷开式JT节流实验装置

Fig.7 GM/JT throttling experiment device working at liquid helium temperature

图8 不同加热负载JT核心单元温度变化

Fig.8 Temperature change of JT unit with different heating loads

图9 Ta =15.0 K时不同高压压力下单位制冷量

Fig.9 Cooling capacity under different high pressure pressure while Ta =15.0 K

图10 Ph=1.773 MPa时不同末级预冷温度下单位制冷量

Fig.10 Cooling capacity at different upper pre-cooling temperatures while Ph=1.773 MPa

参考文献 28

1	甘智华, 陶轩, 刘东立, 等. 日本空间液氦温区低温技术的发展现状[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2015, 49(10): 1821-1835.
	Gan Z H, Tao X, Liu D L, et al. Status of cryogenic technology development in the space liquid helium temperature zone in Japan[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2015, 49(10): 1821-1835.
2	甘智华, 王博, 刘东立, 等. 空间液氦温区机械式制冷技术发展现状及趋势[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2012, 46(12): 2160-2177.
	Gan Z H, Wang B, Liu D L, et al. Status and trend of mechanical refrigeration technology in space liquid helium temperature zone[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2012, 46(12): 2160-2177.
3	刘东立, 申运伟, 甘智华. 空间4 K温区预冷型 JT 制冷机研究进展及关键技术分析[J]. 低温工程, 2017, (2): 1-9.
	Liu D L, Shen Y W, Gan Z H. Research progress and key technical analysis of pre-cooled JT refrigerator in space 4 K temperature zone[J]. Cryogenics, 2017, (2): 1-9.
4	Salomonovich A E, Sidyakina T M, Khaikin A S, et al. Space helium refrigerator[J]. Cryogenics, 1981, 21(8): 474-478.
5	Arkhipov V T, Getmanets V F, Levin A Y, et al. Long-life5-10K space cryocooler system with cold accumulator[C]// Cryocoolers 10. Monterey, California, 2002: 529-534.
6	Bradshaw T W, Orlowska A H. A 4 K mechanical refrigerator for space applications[C]// Proceedings of the 3rd European Symposium on Space Thermal Control & Support Systems. Noordwihk: European Space Agency, 1988: 393-397.
7	Jones B, Ramsay D. Qualification of a 4 K mechanical cooler for space applications[C]// Cryocoolers 8.Vail: Plenum Press, 1995: 525-535.
8	Bradshaw T W, Orlowska A H, Hieatt J. Development status of a2.5 K—4 K closed-cycle cooler suitable for space use[C]// Cryocoolers 8.Vail: Plenum Press, 1995: 517-524.
9	Bradshaw T W, Orlowska A H. Technology developments on the 4 K cooling system for Planck and FIRST[C]// Proceeding of 6th European Symposium on Space Environmental Control Systems. Netherlands, 1997: 465-470.
10	Collaudin B, Passvogel T. The FIRST and Planck ‘Carrier missions. Description of the cryogenic systems[J]. Cryogenics, 1999, 39(2): 157-165.
11	Narasaki K, Tsunematsu S, Yajima S, et al. Development of cryogenic system for SMILES[C]// Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Anchorage, Alaska: American Institute of Physics, 2004: 1785-1796.
12	Narasaki K, Tsunematsu S, Ootsuka K, et al. Lifetime test and heritage on orbit of coolers for space use[J]. Cryogenics, 2012, 52(4): 188-195.
13	Sugita H, Sato Y, Nakagawa T, et al. Cryogenic system for the infrared space telescope SPICA[C]// Proceeding of SPIE. Marseille, France, 2008, 7010: 1-9.
14	Shinozaki K, Sugita H, Sato Y, et al. Developments of1—4K class space mechanical coolers for new generation satellite missions in JAXA[C]// Cryocoolers 16. Atlanta, Georgia, 2011: 1-9.
15	Shirron P J, Kimball M O, James B L, et al. Design and on-orbit operation of the adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator on the ASTRO-H soft X-ray spectrometer instrument[C]// Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016.United Kingdom, 2016.
16	Quan J, Zhou Z J, Lilt Y J. A miniature liquid helium temperature JT cryocooler for space application[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2014, 57: 2236-2240.
17	马跃学, 王娟, 刘彦杰, 等. 空间预冷型J-T节流制冷机热力学流程优化研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2016, 37(11): 2282-2287.
	Ma Y X, Wang J, Liu Y J, et al. Study on the thermodynamic process optimization of space pre-cooled J-T throttle chillers[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2016, 37(11): 2282-2287.
18	Kimble R A, Davila P S, Diaz C E, et al. The integration and test program of the James Webb Space Telescope [C]// Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2012: 84422K.
19	Hines D C, Hammel H B, Lunine J I, et al. The James Webb Space Telescope: solar system science[C]// American Astronomical Society Meeting. 2013.
20	Banks K, Larson M, Aymergen C, et al. James Webb Space Telescope Mid-infrared Instrument cooler systems engineering[J]. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2008, 7017: 70170A.
21	Lundquist R A, Balzano V, Davila P, et al. Status of the James Webb Space Telescope integrated science instrument module[C]// Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared and Millimeter Wave. 2012: 84422M.
22	Holmes W, Chui T, Johnson D, et al. Cooling systems for far-infrared telescopes and instruments[C]// Proceedings of NASA Science and Technology Conference. 2007.
23	Durand D, Colbert R, Jaco C, et al. Mid infrared instrument(MIRI) cooler subsystem prototype demonstration[C]// Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. American Institute of Physics, 2008: 807-814.
24	Durand D, Raab J, Colbert R, et al. NGST advanced cryocooler technology development program (ACTDP) cooler system[C]// Weisendii J G. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. American Institute of Physics, 2006: 615-622.
25	Petach M, Durand D, Michaelian M, et al. MIRI cooler system design update[C]// Miller S D, Ross Jr R G. Cryocoolers. Boulder, CO: Springer Science & Business Media, 2011: 9-12.
26	刘东立, 吴镁, 汪伟伟, 等. 詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜低温制冷系统的发展历程[J]. 低温工程, 2013, (6): 56-62.
	Liu D L, Wu M, Wang W W, et al. The development of the cryogenic refrigeration system of the James Webb Space Telescope[J]. Cryogenics, 2013, (6): 56-62.
27	Liu D, Gan Z, De Waele A T A M, et al. Temperature and mass-flow behavior of a He-4 Joule-Thomson cryocooler[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 109: 1094-1099.
28	Liu D, Gan Z, Tao X, et al. Preliminary experimental study on a precooled JT cryocooler working at 4K-open cycle[C]// Cryocoolers 19. San Diego, California, 2016: 377-383.

[1]	杨欣, 王文, 徐凯, 马凡华. 高压氢气加注过程中温度特征仿真分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 280-286.
[2]	郑志航, 马郡男, 闫子涵, 卢春喜. 提升管射流影响区内压力脉动特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2335-2350.
[3]	王晓萱, 胡晓红, 陆雨楠, 王士勇, 凡凤仙. 旋转膜过滤器内部流动特性数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(4): 1489-1498.
[4]	段文婷, 任思月, 冯霄, 王彧斐. 与换热网络热集成的精馏塔压优化[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(5): 2052-2059.
[5]	王晔, 张婉雨, 汪彬, 耑锐, 任枫, 蔡爱峰, 杨光, 吴静怡. 多孔网幕泡破压力预测模型的建立及实验验证[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1102-1110.
[6]	韦双明, 余明高, 裴蓓, 李世梁, 康亚祥, 徐梦娇, 郭佳琪. 三元混合气体燃料爆炸特性实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(1): 451-460.
[7]	赵文一, 匡以武, 王文, 张红星, 苗建印. 水平管内冷凝流动的稳定性[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 257-265.
[8]	崔锦,石川,赵金保. 机械压力对锂电池性能影响的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(7): 3511-3523.
[9]	别海燕, 黄晨, 安维中, 李玉龙, 林子昕. 正反馈式流体振荡器内部流动特性的数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1504-1511.
[10]	张鑫, 刘朝晖, 毕勤成, 吕海财, 杨冬. 倾斜内螺纹管中亚临界及超临界水传热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(2): 945-955.
[11]	郑凯, 蒋军成, 邢志祥, 吴凡, 吴洁, 余明高. 基于简化反应机理的甲烷-空气爆炸增厚火焰大涡模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(11): 5867-5874.
[12]	陆海峰, 阮琥, 曹嘉琨, 郭晓镭, 刘海峰, 袁崇硕. 细粉下料过程的气固流体动力学作用分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(11): 5533-5542.
[13]	杨自力, 郜彩云, 龚斐然, 余旭芸, 余赟, 蔡天逊. 运行压力对超声雾化溶液除湿系统性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 129-135.
[14]	贺鹏程, 庄莉, 胡亮, 刘刚, 王瑞琪, 包亚强. 板翅式换热器压力特性工程计算方法[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 172-178.
[15]	李玉星,尹渊博,王雅真,刘翠伟. 甲烷爆炸对建筑物内外压力场分布的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(11): 5337-5351.