碱性燃料电池用阴离子交换膜的研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200112

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阴离子交换膜燃料电池（AEMFCs）因其具有环境友好、可使用非贵金属催化剂、电极反应速率快等特点而受到广泛关注。阴离子交换膜（AEMs）是AEMFCs的核心部件，其性质决定着燃料电池的性能、能量效率和使用寿命。从具有不同骨架结构的聚合物出发，介绍了聚苯醚、聚芳醚砜、聚烯烃和聚苯并咪唑等不同聚合物骨架结构的阴离子交换膜的制备、性能和应用，同时对具有不同聚合物骨架结构的阴离子交换膜在应用方面存在的问题及应用前景进行了评论和展望。

关键词: 碱性燃料电池, 阴离子交换膜, 碱稳定性, 离子电导率

Abstract:

Anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFCs) have attracted worldwide attention because of several inherent advantages such as environmental friendliness, the utilization of less expensive metallic catalysts and the rapid electrode reaction rate. Anion exchange membrane is the core component of AEMFCs, and its properties determine the performance, energy efficiency and service life of fuel cell. In this paper, the preparation, properties and applications of anion exchange membranes with different skeleton structures which included poly(phenylene oxide), poly(arylene ether sulfone), polyolefin and polybenzimidazole are described, and the main problems and developmental trend of polymer-based AEM are also discussed.

Key words: alkaline fuel cells, anion exchange membrane, alkaline stability, ionic conductivity

中图分类号:

O 631

付凤艳, 邢广恩. 碱性燃料电池用阴离子交换膜的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 42-52.

FU Fengyan, XING Guang'en. Progress of polymer-based anion exchange membrane for alkaline fuel cell application[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 42-52.

图/表 8

图1 阴离子交换膜燃料电池(AEMFCs)工作原理示意图[5]

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of AEMFC and the main species transported through the cell[5]

图2 聚苯醚(PPO)的结构(a); “梳型”阴离子交换膜的结构(b)

Fig.2 The structure of PPO(a); The structure of comb-shaped copolymers(b)

图3 阴离子交换膜的AFM图[17]

Fig.3 AFM phase images of dried OBIMPPO[17]

图4 双侧链型聚苯醚类阴离子交换膜

Fig.4 PPO with fluorene side chains with pendant alkyltrimethylammonium groups

图5 Suzuki偶联反应得到的含有三甲基苄铵的PSU的结构(a);氯甲基化得到的含有三甲基苄铵的PSU的结构(b)

Fig.5 The structure of trimethylbenzylammonium-functionalized polysulfone via Suzuki coupling reactions (a); The structure of trimethylbenzylammonium-functionalized polysulfone via chloromethylation route (b)

图6 阴离子交换膜ImPES-x的结构(a); ImPES-0.45膜的极化曲线(b) [32]

Fig.6 The structure of ImPES-x(a)；Polarization curves of a H2/O2 fuel cell with ImPES-0.45 at 100% RH and 60℃(b) [32]

图7 季铵盐化嵌段共聚物的结构(a)和TEM图(b) [45]

Fig.7 The structure (a) and TEM images (b) of quaternization of block copolymers[45]

图8 PIm-PBI和HIm-PBI的结构(a)； 60℃条件下HIm-PBI 和 PIm-PBI的极化曲线(b) [58]

Fig.8 The structure of PIm-PBI and HIm-PBI(a); Polarization curves of H2/O2 single cells with HIm-PBI and PIm-PBI at 60℃(b) [58]

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