普冷温区斯特林制冷机

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201580

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自由活塞斯特林制冷机具有环保、制冷温区广、制冷量易控等优势。针对一台普冷温区小型自由活塞斯特林制冷机展开了试验研究。试验中分别使用层叠丝网和卷绕丝网作为回热器，考察了不同温度下的制冷特征。其中，当使用层叠丝网时，制冷机在235 K制冷温度、100 W制冷量下，制冷系数为0.94，在200 K制冷温度、80 W制冷量下，制冷系数为0.49；当使用卷绕丝网时，制冷机在235 K制冷温度、100 W制冷量下，制冷系数为0.8，在200 K制冷温度、55 W制冷量下，制冷系数为0.32。最后对各部件损失进行理论分析，为后期优化提供方向。

关键词: 斯特林制冷机, 普冷, 制冷系数, 焓, 热力学过程

Abstract:

Free piston Stiring cooler has the advantages of environmental friendliness, wide cooling temperature range, and flexible and controllable cooling capacity. In the paper, a small free piston Stirling cooler suitable for the room temperature was experimental studied. In the experiment, laminated stainless steel wire mesh and rolled stainless steel wire mesh were used as regenerators, and the cooling performance at diffident cooling temperature were investigated. Among them, when using the laminated wire mesh, the cooling coefficient of the cooler was 0.94 at a cooling temperature of 235 K and a cooling capacity of 100 W, and a cooling coefficient of 0.49 could be obtained at 200 K and 80 W. When using the rolled wire mesh, the cooling coefficient of the cooler was 0.8 at a cooling temperature of 235 K and a cooling capacity of 100 W, and a cooling coefficient of 0.32 could be obtained at 200 K and 55 W. Finally, the loss of each component was analyzed to provide directions for later optimization.

Key words: Stirling cooler, room temperature zone, coefficient of performance, exergy, enthalpy, thermodynamics process

中图分类号:

TB 651

崔运浩, 乔建新, 王晓涛, 宋斌, 阳朝辉, 戴巍, 李海冰. 普冷温区斯特林制冷机[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 390-397.

CUI Yunhao, QIAO Jianxin, WANG Xiaotao, SONG Bin, YANG Zhaohui, DAI Wei, LI Haibing. Stirling cooler operating in room temperature[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 390-397.

图/表 10

图1 斯特林制冷机实物

Fig.1 Physical picture of Stirling cooler

图2 试验平台1—变频电源;2—电压传感器;3—电流传感器;4、7、10—压力波动传感器;5、6—位移传感器;8—电加热块;9—直流电源;11—温度传感器;12—平均压力传感器

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of experimental platform

图3 制冷性能随入口压力波动幅值的变化

Fig.3 Cooling performance at 235 K with various oscillation amplitude of inlet pressure

图4 各能流和声电转化效率随入口压力波动幅值变化

Fig.4 Energy flow and electroacoustic conversion efficiency at 235 K with various oscillation amplitude of inlet pressure

图5 不同制冷温度下制冷性能变化

Fig.5 Cooling performance with various cooling temperature

图6 不同制冷温度下各能流和声电转化效率变化

Fig.6 Energy flow and electroacoustic conversion efficiency with various cooling temperature

图7 本研究制冷机与国际商业化制冷机制冷性能对比

Fig.7 Cooling performance comparison of cooler and international commercial cooler

表1 设计目标下两种类型回热器制冷性能对比

Table 1 Cooling performance comparison of two types of regenerator under design objective

参数	数值
参数	卷绕丝网	层叠丝网
运行频率/Hz	73	71
制冷量/W	100	100
电功计COP	0.80	0.94
声电转化效率/%	70	71
回热器出口焓流/W	84	50

表2 200 K制冷温度下两种类型回热器制冷性能对比

Table 2 Cooling performance comparison of two types of regenerator at 200 K

参数	数值
参数	卷绕丝网	层叠丝网
运行频率/Hz	73	71
制冷量/W	55	80
电功计COP	0.32	0.49
声电转化效率/%	69	70
回热器出口焓流/W	113	75

图8 235 K制冷温度、100 W制冷量时系统各部件损失占比

Fig.8 Exergy losses of all parts of the system at a cooling temperature of 235 K and a cooling capacity of 100 W

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