干热岩热能重力热管采热系统数值模拟研究与经济性分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200639

化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (3): 1302-1313.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20200639

干热岩热能重力热管采热系统数值模拟研究与经济性分析

黄文博^1,^2,³(),曹文炅^1,^2,³,李庭樑^1,^2,^3,⁴,蒋方明^1,^2,³()

^1.中国科学院广州能源研究所先进能源系统研究室，广东广州 510640
^2.中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室，广东广州 510640
^3.广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室，广东广州 510640
^4.中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-05-25 修回日期:2020-09-30 出版日期:2021-03-05 发布日期:2021-03-05
通讯作者: 蒋方明
作者简介:黄文博（1990—），男，博士，助理研究员，huangwb@ms.giec.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1501804);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA21060700);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41702206)

Numerical study and economic analysis of gravity heat pipe hot dry rock geothermal system

HUANG Wenbo^1,^2,³(),CAO Wenjiong^1,^2,³,LI Tingliang^1,^2,^3,⁴,JIANG Fangming^1,^2,³()

^1.Laboratory of Advanced Energy Systems, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
^3.The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
^4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-05-25 Revised:2020-09-30 Online:2021-03-05 Published:2021-03-05
Contact: JIANG Fangming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用超长重力热管开采干热岩热能可以避免增强型地热系统存在的工质损失、腐蚀结垢和井下连通困难等问题；相比于单井井下换热器系统，热管管内液-气相变使得管壁与热储之间的传热温差增大，使用重力热管开采地热能有望获得更高的单井采热量。本文开发了能对重力热管内部过程与裂隙热储渗流过程进行耦合求解的数值模型，模拟了管长4500 m的重力热管地热系统运行过程，研究了裂隙热储中的流体自然对流对地热系统性能的影响，并与套管式井下换热器地热系统进行了对比研究。进一步分析比较了重力热管、套管井下换热器、增强型地热系统电站的发电成本。研究结果表明，重力热管地热系统单井发电量可达240 kW以上，发电成本约为1.124 CNY/（kW·h），与增强型地热系统电站发电成本接近，优于井下换热器式地热系统；如果利用废弃油气井建设重力热管地热系统，发电成本仅0.644 CNY/（kW·h）。

关键词: 再生能源, 热力学过程, 数值模拟, 干热岩, 重力热管, 成本电价

Abstract:

The use of ultra-long gravity heat pipes to extract thermal energy from hot dry rocks can avoid the problems of working fluid loss, corrosion and scaling, and difficulties in underground communication in enhanced geothermal systems. Moreover, compared with downhole heat exchanger (DHE) geothermal system, the evaporation and condensation process in heat pipe can increase the temperature difference between heat pipe and heat reservoir, probably leading to a much higher heat extraction rate. The present work develops a numerical model that couples the phase transition and flow process in heat pipe with the seepage flow and heat transfer process in fractured reservoir. The operation of a 4500 m heat pipe geothermal system is thus simulated and compared with single-well DHE geothermal system. The influence of nature fluid flow in fractured reservoir is particularly analyzed. Furthermore, the electricity-production cost of heat pipe geothermal system is calculated and compared with that of the DHE geothermal system and the traditional enhanced geothermal system (EGS). The results show that the capacity of heat pipe geothermal power plant is about 240 kW and the cost of electricity-production is 1.124 CNY/（kW·h）, which is almost the same as that for the EGS and much lower than that for the DHE. If abandoned oil and gas wells are used to construct a gravity heat pipe geothermal system, the cost of power generation is only 0.644 CNY/（kW·h）.

Key words: renewable energy, thermodynamics process, numerical study, hot dry rock, gravity heat pipe, electricity cost

中图分类号:

黄文博, 曹文炅, 李庭樑, 蒋方明. 干热岩热能重力热管采热系统数值模拟研究与经济性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1302-1313.

HUANG Wenbo, CAO Wenjiong, LI Tingliang, JIANG Fangming. Numerical study and economic analysis of gravity heat pipe hot dry rock geothermal system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(3): 1302-1313.

图/表 9

图1 重力热管地热系统（a）与套管式井下换热器系统（b）模型示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of heat pipe (a) and downhole heat exchanger (b) geothermal system

图2 几何与网格模型

Fig.2 Geometric dimension and computational mesh

图3 重力热管式和套管式地热系统采热量（a）与发电量（b）比较

Fig.3 Comparison of heat extraction rate (a) and electric power production (b) between heat pipe and DHE geothermal system

图4 有、无热储时重力热管与套管式地热系统的温度场变化情况（轴向与径向坐标显示比例为1∶10）

Fig.4 Temperature field variation in the heat pipe and DHE geothermal systems with or without a fractured reservoir (axial to radial = 1∶10 for better view)

图5 采热进行30年时有热储的重力热管式地热系统热储内部的渗流场

Fig.5 Seepage flow in the reservoir of heat pipe geothermal system at 30 a into the process

图6 采热进行30年时有热储的重力热管式和套管式地热系统壁面的热通量（a）和温度（b）分布情况

Fig.6 Heat flux through well surface (a) and temperature in well (b) along the well-depth direction for the heat pipe and DHE geothermal systems with a reservoir at 30 a into the process

图7 热储渗透率对重力热管地热系统采热量的影响

Fig.7 Influence of reservoir permeability on the heat extraction performance of gravity heat pipe system

表1 三种采热系统发电经济性测算结果

Table 1 Economic evaluation of the three geothermal power stations

采热方案	重力热管方案	套管方案	EGS方案
钻井费用/万元	1250.0/0^①	1250.0/0^①	10675.0^[8](钻井费用+压裂费用)
井内改造费用/万元	336.0	264.0
热储激发费用/万元	500.0	0
发电设备费用/万元	485.8	142.6	3000.0
总投资费用/万元	2571.8/1321.8^①	1646.6/406.6^①	13675.0
折现率/%	8	8	8
运行维护费用/（万元/年）	29.0	8.5	179.0
使用寿命/年	50	50	30
发电量/kW	242.9	63.3	1500^[35]
发电成本/(CNY/(kW·h))	1.124/0.644^①	2.580/0.753^①	1.061

图8 成本电价对各项参数的敏感性

Fig.8 Parameter sensitivity analysis of electricity-production cost

参考文献 35

1	Tester J W, Anderson B J, Batchelor A, et al. The Future of Geothermal Energy[M]. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006: 15-20.
2	许天福, 袁益龙, 姜振蛟, 等. 干热岩资源和增强型地热工程: 国际经验和我国展望[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016, 46(4): 1139-1152.
	Xu T F, Yuan Y L, Jiang Z J, et al. Hot dry rock and enhanced geothermal engineering: international experience and China prospect[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(4): 1139-1152.
3	Templeton J D, Ghoreishi-Madiseh S A, Hassani F, et al. Abandoned petroleum wells as sustainable sources of geothermal energy[J]. Energy, 2014, 70: 366-373.
4	Kohl T, Brenni R, Eugster W. System performance of a deep borehole heat exchanger[J]. Geothermics, 2002, 31(6): 687-708.
5	阚长宾, 亓发庆, 于晓聪, 等. 利用废弃油井开发地热能[J]. 可再生能源, 2008, 26(1): 90-92.
	Kan C B, Qi F Q, Yu X C, et al. Exploiting geothermal energy from the abandoned well[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2008, 26(1): 90-92.
6	Bu X, Ma W, Li H. Geothermal energy production utilizing abandoned oil and gas wells[J]. Renewable Energy, 2012, 41: 80-85.
7	Jiang P X, Li X, Xu R, et al. Heat extraction of novel underground well pattern systems for geothermal energy exploitation[J]. Renewable Energy, 2016, 90: 83-94.
8	Cui G, Ren S, Zhang L, et al. Geothermal exploitation from hot dry rocks via recycling heat transmission fluid in a horizontal well[J]. Energy, 2017, 128: 366-377.
9	Nian Y L, Cheng W L. Evaluation of geothermal heating from abandoned oil wells[J]. Energy, 2018, 142: 592-607.
10	Huang W B, Cao W J, Jiang F M. A novel single-well geothermal system for hot dry rock geothermal energy exploitation[J]. Energy, 2018, 162: 630-644.
11	Fan R, Jiang Y, Yao Y, et al. A study on the performance of a geothermal heat exchanger under coupled heat conduction and groundwater advection[J]. Energy, 2007, 32(11): 2199-2209.
12	Shi Y, Song X, Li G, et al. Numerical investigation on heat extraction performance of a downhole heat exchanger geothermal system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 134: 513-526.
13	Gustafsson A M, Westerlund L, Hellström G. CFD-modelling of natural convection in a groundwater-filled borehole heat exchanger[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010, 30(6/7): 683-691.
14	Shi Y, Song X, Li G, et al. Numerical investigation on the reservoir heat production capacity of a downhole heat exchanger geothermal system[J]. Geothermics, 2018, 72: 163-169.
15	蒋方明, 黄文博, 曹文炅. 干热岩热能的热管开采方案及其技术可行性研究[J]. 新能源进展, 2017, 5(6): 426-434.
	Jiang F M, Huang W B, Cao W J. Mining hot dry rock geothermal energy by heat pipe: conceptual design and technical feasibility study[J]. Advances in New and Renewable Energy, 2017, 5(6): 426-434.
16	Jiang F M, Chen J L, Huang W B, et al. A three-dimensional transient model for EGS subsurface thermo-hydraulic process[J]. Energy, 2014, 72: 300-310.
17	Chen J L, Jiang F M. Designing multi-well layout for enhanced geothermal system to better exploit hot dry rock geothermal energy[J]. Renewable Energy, 2015, 74: 37-48.
18	Huang W B, Cao W J, Jiang F M. Heat extraction performance of EGS with heterogeneous reservoir: a numerical evaluation[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 108: 645-657.
19	Cao W J, Huang W B, Jiang F M. Numerical study on variable thermophysical properties of heat transfer fluid affecting EGS heat extraction[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 92: 1205-1217.
20	Jiang F M, Luo L, Chen J L. A novel three-dimensional transient model for subsurface heat exchange in enhanced geothermal systems[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 41: 57-62.
21	Vasil'Ev L. Geothermal energy utilization with heat pipes[J]. Journal of Engineering Physics, 1990, 59(3): 1186-1190.
22	Mashiko K, Mochizuki M, Watanabe Y, et al. Development of a large scale loop type gravity assisted heat pipe having showering nozzles[C]// Proceedings of 4th International Heat Pipe Symposium. Japan, 1994.
23	Kusaba S, Suzuki H, Hirowatari K, et al. Extraction of geothermal energy and electric power generation using a large scale heat pipe[C]// Proceedings of World Geothermal Congress. 2000.
24	Zhang P P, Zhu J L, Chang N N, et al. Experimental study on heat transfer performance of new gravity heat pipe in geothermal utilization[J]. Energy Procedia, 2019, 158: 5629-5634.
25	张龙, 吴志湘, 邓保顺. 某超长重力热管提取地热技术的试验分析及改造措施[J]. 节能, 2015, (10): 77-80.
	Zhang L, Wu Z X, Deng B S. Experimental analysis and improvement measures of an ultra-long gravity heat pipe geothermal extraction system[J]. Energy Conservation, 2015, (10): 77-80.
26	Swamee P, Jain A K. Explicit equations for pipeflow problems[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1976, 102(5): 657-664.
27	Cheng W L, Li T T, Nian Y L, et al. Studies on geothermal power generation using abandoned oil wells[J]. Energy, 2013, 59: 248-254.
28	李心, 赵晓辉, 李江烨, 等. 塔式太阳能热发电全寿命周期成本电价分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2015, 39(7): 84-88.
	Li X, Zhao X H, Li J Y, et al. Analysis of life-cycle levelized cost of electricity for tower solar thermal power[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(7): 84-88.
29	Jon G, Harold A, Pablo R, et al. Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2018[M]. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency, 2019: 11-80.
30	骆超, 郦伟. 两级地热发电系统经济性及敏感性分析[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2019, 49(11): 1295-1308.
	Luo C, Li W. The exergoeconomic and sensitive analysis of two-stage geothermal power systems[J]. Scientia Sinica Technologica, 2019, 49(11): 1295-1308.
31	袁家海, 艾昱, 曾昱榕, 等.中国燃煤发电成本和上网电价政策研究[J]. 煤炭经济研究, 2018, 38(11): 43-48.
	Yuan J H, Ai Y, Zeng Y R, et al. Research on China's coal-fired power generation cost and on-grid tariff policy[J]. Coal Economic Research, 2018, 38(11): 43-48.
32	Huang Y B, Zhang Y J, Hu Z J, et al. Economic analysis of heating for an enhanced geothermal system based on a simplified model in Yitong Basin, China[J]. Energy Science & Engineering, 2019, 7(6): 2658-2674.
33	Cheung B, Hilling S, Brierley S P. Impact of low cost proppant and fluid systems in hydraulic fracturing of unconventional wells[C]// Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Abu Dhabi, 2018.
34	Clauser C, Ewert M. The renewables cost challenge: levelized cost of geothermal electric energy compared to other sources of primary energy—review and case study[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 82: 3683-3693.
35	Lu S M. A global review of enhanced geothermal system (EGS)[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 81: 2902-2921.

[1]	杨欣, 王文, 徐凯, 马凡华. 高压氢气加注过程中温度特征仿真分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 280-286.
[2]	宋嘉豪, 王文. 斯特林发动机与高温热管耦合运行特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 287-294.
[3]	张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 叶威. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 295-301.
[4]	张化福, 童莉葛, 张振涛, 杨俊玲, 王立, 张俊浩. 机械蒸汽压缩蒸发技术研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 8-24.
[5]	叶展羽, 山訸, 徐震原. 用于太阳能蒸发的折纸式蒸发器性能仿真[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 132-140.
[6]	张义飞, 刘舫辰, 张双星, 杜文静. 超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[7]	王志国, 薛孟, 董芋双, 张田震, 秦晓凯, 韩强. 基于裂隙粗糙性表征方法的地热岩体热流耦合数值模拟与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[8]	何松, 刘乔迈, 谢广烁, 王斯民, 肖娟. 高浓度水煤浆管道气膜减阻两相流模拟及代理辅助优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3766-3774.
[9]	邢雷, 苗春雨, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 李新亚. 井下微型气液旋流分离器优化设计与性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3394-3406.
[10]	韩晨, 司徒友珉, 朱斌, 许建良, 郭晓镭, 刘海峰. 协同处理废液的多喷嘴粉煤气化炉内反应流动研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3266-3278.
[11]	程小松, 殷勇高, 车春文. 不同工质在溶液除湿真空再生系统中的性能对比[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3494-3501.
[12]	刘文竹, 云和明, 王宝雪, 胡明哲, 仲崇龙. 基于场协同和耗散的微通道拓扑优化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3329-3341.
[13]	洪瑞, 袁宝强, 杜文静. 垂直上升管内超临界二氧化碳传热恶化机理分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3309-3319.
[14]	黄可欣, 李彤, 李桉琦, 林梅. 加装旋转叶轮T型通道流场的模态分解[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2848-2857.
[15]	史方哲, 甘云华. 超薄热管启动特性和传热性能数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2814-2823.

干热岩热能重力热管采热系统数值模拟研究与经济性分析

Numerical study and economic analysis of gravity heat pipe hot dry rock geothermal system

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 35

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价