基于余热回收的电动客车喷射补气热泵的制热性能

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201551

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据电动汽车热泵在低温下的制热需求并延长车辆行驶里程，开发了车外换热器支路和余热换热器支路并联的余热回收系统并进行了制热性能试验研究。试验结果显示，对于并联余热回收支路的喷射补气式热泵系统，补气支路压力和补气流量均随着余热量的增加而有明显的提升，而吸气主路流量受余热换热器出口过热度的影响。车外换热器支路和余热换热器支路的流量比也呈线性关系，流量比斜率与余热换热器出口相态有关。并联余热回收喷射补气热泵系统的制热性能随余热量的变化受压缩机吸气量和补气量这两个因素的共同影响。在7℃相对较高的环境工况下，余热量的增加有利于制热量的提升但COP没有优势；在-20℃较低的环境工况下，余热量的增加使得补气流量增长较大，但吸气流量衰减严重，对系统的制热性能提升不明显；在-10～0℃的环境工况下，制热量和COP都随余热量的增加而提升较大，-10℃时，1.8 kW余热量条件下的制热量比0.9 kW余热量条件下的制热量增加了11.6%，COP提升9.18%。

关键词: 热力学过程, 传热, 回收, 电动客车, 并联系统, 喷射补气

Abstract:

According to the heating requirements of electric vehicles (EVs) heat pumps in low ambient temperatures and extending the mileage of EVs, a waste heat recovery system in which the heat exchanger branch outside the vehicle and the branch of the waste heat exchanger are connected in parallel was developed and an experimental study on the heating performance was conducted. The experimental results show that, for the vapor injection heat pump system with parallel waste heat recovery branches, the pressure and mass flow of the vapor injection branch are significantly increased with the increase of the waste heat, while the mass flow of the main-branch is affected by the superheat at the outlet of the waste heat exchanger. The flow ratio of the out-door heat exchanger and the waste heat exchanger has a linear relationship, and the slope of the flow ratio is related to the outlet phase state of the waste heat exchanger. Under the relatively high ambient working conditions of 7℃, the increase of waste heat is beneficial to the increase of heating performance, but COP has no advantage; under the lower ambient working conditions of -20℃, the increase of waste heat increases the flow of injection mass large, but the suction mass flow is seriously attenuated, and the heating performance of the system is not significantly improved; under ambient working conditions of about -10—0℃, the heating performance and COP are greatly increased with the increase of waste heat, at -10℃, the heating performance with 1.8 kW waste heat increased by 11.6% compared to that with 0.9 kW waste heat, and the COP increased by 9.18%.

Key words: thermodynamics process, heat transfer, recovery, electric vehicle, parallel system, vapor injection

中图分类号:

U 469.72

顾潇, 邹慧明, 韩欣欣, 唐明生, 田长青. 基于余热回收的电动客车喷射补气热泵的制热性能[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 326-335.

GU Xiao, ZOU Huiming, HAN Xinxin, TANG Mingsheng, TIAN Changqing. Heating performance of vapor injection heat pump based on waste heat recovery[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 326-335.

图/表 11

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名称	主要参数
压缩机	R410a变频涡旋压缩机，排量80 cm³/r，频率30~90 Hz
车内换热器	车内换热器共两组，每组尺寸为1300 mm×200 mm×154 mm
车外换热器	车外换热器共一组，尺寸为1400 mm×840 mm×109 mm
中间换热器	中间换热器共两组，选用板式换热器，每组尺寸165 mm ×80 mm×80 mm
余热换热器	余热换热器共两组，选用板式换热器，每组尺寸153 mm ×75 mm×75 mm
主路电子膨胀阀	阀口径3.2 mm
补气支路电子膨胀阀	阀口径2.2 mm
水泵	流量25 L/min，扬程8 m，转速2900 r/min

名称	主要参数
压缩机	R410a变频涡旋压缩机，排量80 cm³/r，频率30~90 Hz
车内换热器	车内换热器共两组，每组尺寸为1300 mm×200 mm×154 mm
车外换热器	车外换热器共一组，尺寸为1400 mm×840 mm×109 mm
中间换热器	中间换热器共两组，选用板式换热器，每组尺寸165 mm ×80 mm×80 mm
余热换热器	余热换热器共两组，选用板式换热器，每组尺寸153 mm ×75 mm×75 mm
主路电子膨胀阀	阀口径3.2 mm
补气支路电子膨胀阀	阀口径2.2 mm
水泵	流量25 L/min，扬程8 m，转速2900 r/min

测量参数	控制范围	控制精度	测量参数	控制范围	控制精度
环境室温度/℃	-40~55	±0.1℃	环境室湿度	20%~90%	±0.1℃（WB）
最大制热量/kW	30	±1.5%	最大风量/(m³/h)	12000	±1%
温度/℃	-50~200	±0.5℃	质量流量/(kg/h)	0~150, 0~500	±0.2%
压力/MPa	0~3.0, 0~4.5	±0.5%	压缩机功率/kW	0~15	±0.2%

测量参数	控制范围	控制精度	测量参数	控制范围	控制精度
环境室温度/℃	-40~55	±0.1℃	环境室湿度	20%~90%	±0.1℃（WB）
最大制热量/kW	30	±1.5%	最大风量/(m³/h)	12000	±1%
温度/℃	-50~200	±0.5℃	质量流量/(kg/h)	0~150, 0~500	±0.2%
压力/MPa	0~3.0, 0~4.5	±0.5%	压缩机功率/kW	0~15	±0.2%

车外干球温度/℃	车内干球温度/℃	实际余热量/kW	车外侧风量/(m³/h)	车内侧风量/(m³/h)	压缩机频率/Hz
7	20	0.9，1.2，1.8	7000	5000	50
0	20	0.9，1.2，1.8	7000	5000	60
-10	20	0.9，1.2，1.8	7000	5000	60
-20	20	0.9，1.2，1.8	7000	4000	60