基于分析的热法磷酸全热能回收技术模拟研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210817

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工业节能是碳减排的首要措施，热法磷酸生产过程每燃烧1 t黄磷释放出的反应热高达26289 MJ，占黄磷总能耗的25%。本文应用Aspen Plus软件，基于有效能的分析方法，对热法磷酸生产过程不同的热能回收方式进行研究。结果表明：以现有热法磷酸热能回收工艺为基础，燃磷塔副产蒸汽压力由1.0 MPa提升至2.5 MPa，热量回收效率由46.29%提升至62.42%，系统的效率由26.22%提升至34.95%；进一步通过用水化塔循环酸加热进入燃磷塔的加压水，系统的热回收效率提升至87.08%，效率提升至46.59%，实现了热法磷酸热能的全回收利用。空气过剩系数的灵敏度分析表明，在保证黄磷充分氧化反应的前提下，适当降低空气过剩系数有利于热回收效率和效率的提升。

关键词: 热法磷酸, Aspen Plus, 节能, 节能潜力

Abstract:

Industrial energy conservation is the primary measure for carbon emission reduction. The heat of reaction released during the production of furnace-process phosphoric acid is as high as 26289 MJ per ton of yellow phosphorus, which accounts for 25% of the total energy consumption of yellow phosphorus. In this paper, based on the available energy analysis, the different heat recovery methods of the thermal phosphoric acid production process are studied by employing Aspen Plus software. The results show that, based on the heat recovery process in the production of existing furnace-process phosphoric acid, the steam pressure of phosphoric acid tower is increased from 1.0 MPa to 2.5 MPa, the heat recovery efficiency raised from 46.29% to 62.42%, and the available energy of the system is boosted from 26.22% to 34.95%. Further, when the pressurized water before entering phosphoric acid tower is heated by circulating acid from the hydration tower, the heat recovery efficiency and the available energy of the system is enhanced to 87.08% and 46.59%, respectively. As a result, the heat energy generated from the production of furnace-process phosphoric acid can be completely recycled. The sensitivity analysis of the excess air coefficient shows that under the premise of ensuring the full oxidation reaction of yellow phosphorus, appropriately reducing the excess air coefficient is beneficial to the improvement of heat recovery efficiency and exergy efficiency.

Key words: furnace-process phosphoric acid, Aspen Plus, energy conservation, available energy, potential of saving energy

中图分类号:

TQ 126.3

杜加磊,翟持,朱远蹠,谢德龙,梅毅. 基于分析的热法磷酸全热能回收技术模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(11): 5790-5799.

Jialei DU,Chi ZHAI,Yuanzhi ZHU,Delong XIE,Yi MEI. Simulation study on heat energy recovery technology of furnace-process phosphoric acid process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(11): 5790-5799.

图/表 19

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操作单元	Aspen Plus 模型	描述
黄磷的雾化	Mcompr+Mixer	模拟黄磷的雾化过程
特种燃磷塔	Rstoic+Heater	模拟黄磷的氧化燃烧和副产蒸汽的过程
P₄O₁₀的水化	Rstoic+Sep	模拟磷酸的生产过程
酸雾捕集	Mixer+Value+Sep	模拟酸雾的补集过程
水化热的移除	Heater	移走水化过程中放出的热量

操作单元	Aspen Plus 模型	描述
黄磷的雾化	Mcompr+Mixer	模拟黄磷的雾化过程
特种燃磷塔	Rstoic+Heater	模拟黄磷的氧化燃烧和副产蒸汽的过程
P₄O₁₀的水化	Rstoic+Sep	模拟磷酸的生产过程
酸雾捕集	Mixer+Value+Sep	模拟酸雾的补集过程
水化热的移除	Heater	移走水化过程中放出的热量

参数	数值
压缩空气出口压力/MPa	0.4
封头出口温度/℃	105
特种燃磷塔操作压力/Pa	-2940
特种燃磷塔出口气体温度/℃	700~750
汽包进口温度/℃	104
饱和蒸汽压力/MPa	1
水化塔循环酸倍率	50
循环酸温度/℃	75
尾气出口温度/℃	50

参数	数值
压缩空气出口压力/MPa	0.4
封头出口温度/℃	105
特种燃磷塔操作压力/Pa	-2940
特种燃磷塔出口气体温度/℃	700~750
汽包进口温度/℃	104
饱和蒸汽压力/MPa	1
水化塔循环酸倍率	50
循环酸温度/℃	75
尾气出口温度/℃	50

项目	上封头冷却水出口温度/℃	燃磷塔气体出口温度/℃	产品磷酸浓度/%	尾气磷酸含量/(mg·m^-3)
生产数据	100℃左右	700~750	85.00	<30
模拟数据	104℃	730	84.87	5.45