特殊精馏热耦合强化技术研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200757

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在石油、医药、化工等行业生产和分离过程中，常伴随着共沸或沸点相近混合物的产生，其高效节能分离是工业清洁生产和可持续发展的前提。作为一种分离共沸或近沸等难分离混合物的重要手段，特殊精馏引起了广泛关注。然而，特殊精馏对能源的消耗量非常大，开发低成本、性能可靠的特殊精馏强化技术对实现经济和能源的可持续发展具有重要意义。基于对特殊精馏塔内外传质传热规律的研究，本文从强化原理和工艺改进技术两方面，重点介绍了热耦精馏、隔壁塔、侧线精馏、有机朗肯循环、热泵精馏、差压热耦合等内外热耦合强化技术在特殊精馏节能增效等方面的研究进展，并展望了其未来发展的挑战和机遇，以期为特殊精馏在热耦合强化方面的理论研究与应用提供参考。

关键词: 共沸（混合）物, 蒸馏, 热耦合, 过程强化, 节能降耗, 分离

Abstract:

In the production and separation process of petroleum， medicine， chemical industry and other industries， it is often accompanied by the production of azeotropic or similar boiling point mixtures. Its high-efficiency and energy-saving separation is a prerequisite for industrial clean production and sustainable development. Special distillation as an effective separation method attracts substantial attention from researchers. However, special distillation is a process with high-energy consumption. Therefore, the development of intensification technology for special distillation with low costs and reliable performance is of great significance for the economy and energy sustainable development. According to the heat and mass transfer laws of special distillation, this work introduces the research advances of thermally coupled distillation, dividing wall column, side-stream distillation, organic Rankine cycle, heat pump and different pressure thermally coupled technologies in energy saving special distillation process from the intensification principles and retrofitting technologies. In addition, this work outlines the challenge and opportunity of intensification technology to provide references of the theoretical research and application to special distillation.

Key words: azeotrope, distillation, thermally coupling, process intensification, energy saving, separation

中图分类号:

TQ 028.3

孙诗瑞, 杨傲, 石涛, 申威峰. 特殊精馏热耦合强化技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(10): 4575-4589.

Shirui SUN, Ao YANG, Tao SHI, Weifeng SHEN. Research advances in thermally coupled intensification technology for special distillation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(10): 4575-4589.

图/表 12

图1 热耦合技术

Fig.1 Thermally coupled technology

图2 双热耦萃取精馏工艺设计开发过程

Fig.2 The design procedure of double-thermal coupled ternary extractive distillation

图3 隔壁塔构型

Fig.3 The configuration of dividing wall column

图4 萃取隔壁塔-分相器工艺概念设计[47]

Fig.4 The conceptual design of extractive dividing wall column-decanter process[47]

图5 侧线精馏工艺

Fig.5 The side-stream distillation process

图6 侧线萃取精馏工艺设计开发过程

Fig.6 The design procedure of side-stream extractive distillation

图7 热泵精馏

Fig.7 Heat pump distillation

图8 自换热热泵共沸隔壁塔工艺开发思路[76]

Fig.8 The design procedure of self-heat azeotropic dividing wall column[76]

图9 有机朗肯循环流程图（a）；有机朗肯循环热力学过程（b）

Fig.9 Flowsheet of organic Rankine cycle(a). Thermodynamic process of organic Rankine cycle (b)

图10 有机朗肯循环-热泵反应精馏隔壁塔(1 atm=101325 Pa)[93]

Fig.10 The organic Rankine cycle coupled with heat pump-reactive dividing wall column[93]

图11 差压热耦合技术

Fig.11 The different pressure thermally coupled technique

图12 差压热耦合反应精馏隔壁塔[101]

Fig.12 The different pressure thermally coupled reactive dividing wall distillation[101]

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