H2O-CO2、H2O-N2、H2O-He水平管外自然对流凝结换热特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220508

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

不凝性气体制约换热设备安全和系统效率，为研究不凝性气体-蒸气于水平管外自然对流凝结换热机理和特性，实验测量了不凝性气体He、N₂、CO₂质量分数分别为1.16%~18.18%、7.56%~60.86%、11.39%~70.95%，壁面过冷度为5~25 K，总压力为5~101 kPa的H₂O-He、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-CO₂自然对流条件下水平管外凝结换热特性，对比分析了H₂O-He、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-CO₂的不凝性气体质量含量、壁面过冷度以及压力因素的影响。压力和壁面过冷度一定，相同质量分数时，实验凝结传热系数与Nusselt理论解的比值(Q/Q_Nu)由大到小依次为：H₂O-CO₂、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-He；相同摩尔分数时，Q/Q_Nu由大到小依次为：H₂O-He、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-CO₂。相同总压力和不凝性气体质量分数时，H₂O-He的Q/Q_Nu随着壁面过冷度的增加下降最为缓慢。相同不凝性气体质量分数和壁面过冷度时，H₂O-He的Q/Q_Nu值最小，其受压力影响最为显著。

关键词: H₂O-He, H₂O-N₂, H₂O-CO₂, 不凝性气体, 水平管, 自然对流凝结换热

Abstract:

Noncondensable gas restricts the safety of heat exchange equipment and system efficiency. To study the mechanism and characteristics of free convective condensation of steam in the presence of noncondensable gas on horizontal tube, this paper experimentally studied steam condensation on horizontal tube in presence of noncondensable gas with mass fraction of He, N₂ and CO₂ changing of 1.16%—18.18%, 7.56%—60.86% and 11.39%—70.95%, respectively. Horizontal tube surface wall subcooling ranged of 5—25 K. The total pressure varied with 5—101 kPa. The condensation characteristics Q/Q_Nu of H₂O-He, H₂O-N₂, and H₂O-CO₂ for different noncondensable gas mass fraction, surface subcoolings and pressures were analyzed and compared. When pressure and surface subcooling are constant, for the same mass fraction of noncondensable gas the order of Q/Q_Nu from large to small is H₂O-CO₂, H₂O-N₂, H₂O-He, but for the same mole fraction the order of from large to small is H₂O-He, H₂O-N₂, H₂O-CO₂. For the same total pressure and noncondensable gas mass fraction, Q/Q_Nu of H₂O-He decreased most slowly with the increase of surface subcooling. For the same noncondensable gas mass fraction and surface subcooling, the value of Q/Q_Nu of H₂O-He is the smallest, and it is most significantly affected by pressure.

Key words: H₂O-He, H₂O-N₂, H₂O-CO₂, noncondensable gas, horizontal tube, free condensation heat transfer

中图分类号:

TK 124

鲁军辉, 李俊明. H₂O-CO₂、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-He水平管外自然对流凝结换热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 3870-3879.

Junhui LU, Junming LI. Study on condensation heat transfer characteristics of H₂O-CO₂,H₂O-N₂, H₂O-He on horizontal tube under free convection[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(9): 3870-3879.

图/表 8

图 1 实验装置结构图(a)和实验段详图(b)

Fig.1 Schematic of the experimental apparatus (a) and test section details (b)

表1 测量参数不确定度

Table 1 Uncertainties in the measured parameters

参数	不确定度
热电偶温度	±0.1℃
冷却水质量流量	±0.2%(30 L/min)
压力	±0.055% (120 kPa)
热通量	±12.14%
不凝性气体浓度	±0.134%
传热系数	±14.34%

图2 纯蒸汽实验结果和Nusselt理论计算结果对比

Fig.2 Comparison of pure steam experiment results and Nusselt theory calculation results

图3 H2O-He、H2O-N2、H2O-CO2的总凝结传热系数和不凝性气体质量分数的关系

Fig.3 Relationship between total condensation heat transfer coefficient and mass fraction of noncondensable gas

图4 H2O-He、H2O-N2、H2O-CO2的Q/QNu与不凝性气体含量的关系

Fig.4 Relationship between Q/QNu of H2O-He，H2O-N2，H2O-CO2 and fraction of noncondensable gas

图5 H2O-He、H2O-N2、H2O-CO2的Q/QNu与壁面过冷度的关系

Fig.5 Relationship between Q/QNu of H2O-He，H2O-N2，H2O-CO2 and surface subcoolings

图6 H2O-He、H2O-N2、H2O-CO2的Q/QNu与总压力的关系

Fig. 6 Relationship between Q/QNu of H2O-He，H2O-N2，H2O-CO2 and total pressure

图7 H2O-He、H2O-N2、H2O-CO2的Q/QNu与文献数据比较

Fig. 7 Comparison of Q/QNu of H2O-He，H2O-N2，H2O-CO2 with data of references

参考文献 62

1	Bohdal T, Matysko R. Condensation of a refrigeration medium in the presence of an inert gas[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2006, 26(16): 1942-1950.
2	Xu H Q, Sun Z N, Gu H F, et al. Experimental study on the effect of wall-subcooling on condensation heat transfer in the presence of noncondensable gases in a horizontal tube[J]. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2016, 90: 9-21.
3	宿吉强, 孙中宁, 高力. 中等过冷度下含不凝性气体蒸汽冷凝传热特性[J].化工学报, 2014, 65(10): 3884-3890.
	Su J Q, Sun Z N, Gao L. Analysis of experiments for steam condensation in presence of non-condensable gases with moderate wall subcooling[J]. CIESC Journal, 2014, 65(10): 3884-3890.
4	Colburn A P, Hougen O A. Design of cooler condensers for mixtures of vapors with noncondensing gases[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 1934, 26(11): 1178-1182.
5	Gu H F, Chen Q, Wang H J, et al. Condensation of a hydrocarbon in the presence of a non-condensable gas: heat and mass transfer[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 91: 938-945.
6	Zhu A M, Wang S C, Sun J X, et al. Effects of high fractional noncondensable gas on condensation in the dewvaporation desalination process[J]. Desalination, 2007, 214(1/2/3): 128-137.
7	Ge M H, Wang S X, Zhao J, et al. Condensation of steam with high CO₂ concentration on a vertical plate[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2016, 75: 147-155.
8	Othmer D F. The condensation of steam[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 1929, 21(6): 576-583.
9	Henderson C L, Marchello J M. Film condensation in the presence of a noncondensable gas[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1969, 91(3): 447-450.
10	Dehbi A A. The effects of noncondensable gases on steam condensation under turbulent natural convection conditions [D]. Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991.
11	Al-Diwany H K, Rose J W. Free convection film condensation of steam in the presence of non-condensing gases[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1973, 16(7): 1359-1369.
12	Anderson M H, Herranz L E, Corradini M L. Experimental analysis of heat transfer within the AP600 containment under postulated accident conditions[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 1998, 185(2/3): 153-172.
13	Anderson M H. Steam condensation on cold walls of advanced PWR containments[D]. Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1998.
14	Liu H, Todreas N E, Driscoll M J. An experimental investigation of a passive cooling unit for nuclear plant containment[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2000, 199(3): 243-255.
15	Su J Q, Sun Z N, Fan G M, et al. Experimental study of the effect of non-condensable gases on steam condensation over a vertical tube external surface[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2013, 262: 201-208.
16	Su J Q, Sun Z N, Ding M, et al. Analysis of experiments for the effect of noncondensable gases on steam condensation over a vertical tube external surface under low wall subcooling[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2014, 278: 644-650.
17	Wu X M, Chu F Q, Zhu Y, et al. Vapor free convection film condensation heat transfer in the presence of non-condensable gases with smaller molecular weights than the vapor[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 130: 1611-1618.
18	Rauscher J W, Mills A F, Denny V E. Experimental study of film condensation from steam-air mixtures flowing downward over a horizontal tube[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1974, 96(1): 83-88.
19	Lee W C, Rose J W. Forced convection film condensation on a horizontal tube with and without non-condensing gases[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1984, 27(4): 519-528.
20	Rose J W. Approximate equations for forced-convection condensation in the presence of a non-condensing gas on a flat plate and horizontal tube[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1980, 23(4): 539-546.
21	Michael A G, Rose J W, Daniels L C. Forced convection condensation on a horizontal tube—experiments with vertical downflow of steam[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1989, 111(3): 792-797.
22	Siddique M, Golay M W, Kazimi M S. Local heat transfer coefficients for forced-convection condensation of steam in a vertical tube in the presence of a noncondensable gas[J]. Nuclear Technology, 1993, 102(3): 386-402.
23	Murase M, Kataoka Y, Fujii T. Evaporation and condensation heat transfer with a noncondensable gas present[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 1993, 141(1/2): 135-143.
24	Kuhn S Z, Schrock V E, Peterson P F. An investigation of condensation from steam-gas mixtures flowing downward inside a vertical tube[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 1997, 177(1/2/3): 53-69.
25	Ge M H, Zhao J, Wang S X. Experimental investigation of steam condensation with high concentration CO₂ on a horizontal tube[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013, 61(2): 334-343.
26	Ge M H, Wang S X, Zhao J, et al. Effects of extended surface and surface gold plating on condensation characteristics of steam with large amount of CO₂ [J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 92: 13-19.
27	Ali H, Wang H S, Briggs A, et al. Effects of vapor velocity and pressure on Marangoni condensation of steam-ethanol mixtures on a horizontal tube[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2013, 135(3): 031502.
28	Murase T, Wang H S, Rose J W. Marangoni condensation of steam-ethanol mixtures on a horizontal tube[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2007, 50(19/20): 3774-3779.
29	Ali H, Kamran M S, Ali H M, et al. Marangoni condensation of steam-ethanol mixtures on a horizontal low-finned tube[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 117: 366-375.
30	朱长新, 章燕谋. 空气存在时水平螺旋管外膜状凝结换热的实验研究[J].动力工程, 1991, 11(4): 10-16, 62.
	Zhu C X, Zhang Y M. Experimental research on external film condensation heat transfer of horizontally coiled tubes in the presence of air[J]. Power Engineering, 1991, 11(4): 10-16, 62.
31	张定才, 冀文涛, 陶文铨, 等. 不凝气体对R123凝结换热的影响[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2009, 30(12): 2062-2064.
	Zhang D C, Ji W T, Tao W Q, et al. Effect of non-condensible gas on condensation heat transfer of R123[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2009, 30(12): 2062-2064.
32	胡浩威, 牛东, 唐上朝, 等. 大量不凝性气体存在时不同润湿性传热管冷凝传热特性实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报, 2015, 49(7): 30-36.
	Hu H W, Niu D, Tang S C, et al. Condensation heat transfer performance of heat transfer tubes with different wettabilities in presence of a large amount of noncondensable gas[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2015, 49(7): 30-36.
33	唐上朝, 胡浩威, 牛东, 等. 大量不凝性气体存在时不同润湿性管束对流冷凝传热实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(5): 24-31.
	Tang S C, Hu H W, Niu D, et al. Experimental research on the convective condensation heat transfer of tube bundles in the presence of large amount of noncondensable gas[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(5): 24-31.
34	Sparrow E M, Lin S H. Condensation heat transfer in the presence of a noncondensable gas[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1964, 86(3): 430-436.
35	Sparrow E M, Minkowycz W J, Saddy M. Forced convection condensation in the presence of noncondensables and interfacial resistance[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1967, 10(12): 1829-1845.
36	Tang G H, Hu H W, Zhuang Z N, et al. Film condensation heat transfer on a horizontal tube in presence of a noncondensable gas[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012, 36: 414-425.
37	魏保太, 刘晔, 魏杰. 蒸汽-不凝性气体物系水平管外自然对流膜状凝结换热的研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 1990, 11(4):413-417.
	Wei B T, Liu Y, Wei J. Study on natural convection laminar film condensaiton of freon vapor-air mixture on a horizontal tube[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 1990, 11(4): 413-417.
38	Liao Y, Vierow K. A generalized diffusion layer model for condensation of vapor with noncondensable gases[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2007, 129(8): 988-994.
39	Caruso G, Di Maio D V. Heat and mass transfer analogy applied to condensation in the presence of noncondensable gases inside inclined tubes[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 68: 401-414.
40	Minkowycz W J, Sparrow E M. Condensation heat transfer in the presence of noncondensables, interfacial resistance, superheating, variable properties, and diffusion[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1966, 9(10): 1125-1144.
41	Denny V E, South V III. Effects of forced flow, noncondensables, and variable properties on film condensation of pure and binary vapors at the forward stagnation point of a horizontal cylinder[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1972, 15(11): 2133-2142.
42	Chen C K, Lin Y T. Turbulent film condensation in the presence of non-condensable gases over a horizontal tube[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2009, 48(9): 1777-1785.
43	Chen C K, Lin Y T. Laminar film condensation from a downward-flowing steam-air mixture onto a horizontal circular tube[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2009, 33(4): 1944-1956.
44	Yang S A, Lin Y T. Turbulent film condensation on a non-isothermal horizontal tube—effect of eddy diffusivity[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2005, 29(12): 1149-1163.
45	De la Rosa J C, Herranz L E, Munoz-Cobo J L. Analysis of the suction effect on the mass transfer when using the heat and mass transfer analogy[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2009, 239(10): 2042-2055.
46	Herranz L E, Anderson M H, Corradini M L. A diffusion layer model for steam condensation within the AP600 containment[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design,1998, 183(1/2): 133-150.
47	Brouwers H J H. Effect of fog formation on turbulent vapor condensation with noncondensable gases[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1996, 118(1): 243-245.
48	Dehbi A, Janasz F, Bell B. Prediction of steam condensation in the presence of noncondensable gases using a CFD-based approach[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2013, 258: 199-210.
49	Li J D. CFD simulation of water vapour condensation in the presence of non-condensable gas in vertical cylindrical condensers[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 57(2): 708-721.
50	Fu W, Li X W, Wu X X, et al. Numerical investigation of convective condensation with the presence of non-condensable gases in a vertical tube[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2016, 297: 197-207.
51	Zschaeck G, Frank T, Burns A D. CFD modelling and validation of wall condensation in the presence of non-condensable gases[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2014, 279: 137-146.
52	Vyskocil L, Schmid J, Macek J. CFD simulation of air-steam flow with condensation[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2014, 279: 147-157.
53	Dehbi A. On the adequacy of wall functions to predict condensation rates from steam-noncondensable gas mixtures[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2013, 265: 25-34.
54	Su J Q, Sun Z N, Zhang D Y. Numerical analysis of steam condensation over a vertical surface in presence of air[J]. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2014, 72: 268-276.
55	Yin Z, Guo Y L, Sunden B, et al. Numerical simulation of laminar film condensation in a horizontal minitube with and without non-condensable gas by the VOF method[J]. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2015, 68(9): 958-977.
56	Fouda A, Wasel M G, Hamed A M, et al. Investigation of the condensation process of moist air around horizontal pipe[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2015, 90: 38-52.
57	Kotake S. Effects of a small amount of noncondensable gas on film condensation of multicomponent mixtures[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1985, 28(2): 407-414.
58	杨世铭, 陶文铨. 传热学[M]. 4版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.
	Yang S M, Tao W Q. Heat Transfer [M]. 4th ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006.
59	Kline S J, McClintock F A. The description of uncertainties in single sample experiments[J]. Mechanical Engineering, 1953, 75: 3-9.
60	熊孟清, 林宗虎, 刘咸定. 含不凝气体的蒸汽冷凝传热系数的关联式[J]. 热能动力工程,1997, 12(5): 377-380.
	Xiong M Q, Lin Z H, Liu X D. A correlation of condensation heat exchange factor of steam containing non-condensable gases[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power, 1997, 12(5): 377-380.
61	熊孟清, 林宗虎, 刘咸定. 含空气的蒸汽在水平圆管外表面冷凝换热的实验研究[J]. 发电设备, 1997, 11(2): 33-35.
	Xiong M Q, Lin Z H, Liu X D. An experimental study about the condensation heat transfer of steam with air on the external surface of a horizontal tube[J]. Power Equipment, 1997, 11(2): 33-35.
62	Dehbi A. A generalized correlation for steam condensation rates in the presence of air under turbulent free convection[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 86: 1-15.

[1]	李雯, 兰忠, 强伟丽, 任文芝, 杜宾港, 马学虎. 蒸汽冷凝近壁过渡区团簇演化特性[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(7): 2865-2873.
[2]	谷雨, 龚路远, 郭亚丽, 沈胜强. 低质量流率蒸汽真空水平管内凝结传热特性的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 595-603.
[3]	刘正浩, 张小松, 王昌领, 张牧星. 石蜡与石蜡/膨胀石墨熔化性能的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 3362-3371.
[4]	柳山林, 牟兴森, 沈胜强, 梁斌, 包天杰, 倪兵. 低Reynolds数下水平管降膜滴状流动的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(12): 4565-4574.
[5]	蒋淳, 陈振乾. 水平管外降膜蒸发流动和传热特性数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(10): 4224-4230.
[6]	张吉礼, 陈敬东, 马志先, 王永辉. 蒸发温度对水平正反齿压花齿型肋管池沸腾换热的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(6): 2230-2238.
[7]	徐慧强, 孙秋南, 谷海峰, 李昊, 孙中宁. 水平管内含空气蒸汽流动冷凝局部换热特性[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(7): 2456-2463.
[8]	徐慧强, 孙中宁, 谷海峰, 李昊. 水平管内纯饱和蒸汽强制对流冷凝局部换热特性[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(1): 92-98.
[9]	马志先, 张吉礼, 孙德兴, 周浩平. HFC134a水平二维与三维肋管外冷凝换热特性[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(4): 1221-1228.
[10]	沈胜强, 刘瑞, 刘华, 龚路远. 水平管内凝结液液位角[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(4): 1194-1198.
[11]	马志先, 张吉礼, 孙德兴. 锚型导液器对HFC245fa水平管束外冷凝换热的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(3): 849-854.
[12]	解利昕1，2，3，周文萌1，2，3，陈飞1，2，3. 水平管降膜蒸发器的传热性能[J]. 化工进展, 2014, 33(11): 2878-2881.
[13]	沈胜强, 刘华, 冯寅, 陈石, 龚路远, 刘瑞, 陈学. 真空条件下蒸汽横掠水平降膜管束的流动阻力[J]. 化工学报, 2013, 64(3): 886-890.
[14]	刘燕1，李洪彬1，2，王晋刚1，张少峰1. 带有Kenics静态混合器的水平液固两相流化床换热管的压降研究[J]. 化工进展, 2013, 32(11): 2579-2582.
[15]	姜俊泽, 张伟明. 水平管道气液两相段塞流参数计算的精确模型[J]. 化工学报, 2012, 63(12): 3826-3831.

H₂O-CO₂、H₂O-N₂、H₂O-He水平管外自然对流凝结换热特性研究

Study on condensation heat transfer characteristics of H₂O-CO₂,H₂O-N₂, H₂O-He on horizontal tube under free convection

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 8

参考文献 62

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价