化工学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (8): 3256-3265.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20230470
收稿日期:
2023-05-12
修回日期:
2023-06-28
出版日期:
2023-08-25
发布日期:
2023-10-18
通讯作者:
曾英
作者简介:
于旭东(1985—),男,博士,副教授,xwdlyxd@126.com
基金资助:
Xudong YU(), Qi LI, Niancu CHEN, Li DU, Siying REN, Ying ZENG()
Received:
2023-05-12
Revised:
2023-06-28
Online:
2023-08-25
Published:
2023-10-18
Contact:
Ying ZENG
摘要:
采用等温溶解平衡法开展了298.2、323.2、348.2 K三元体系KCl + CaCl2 + H2O相平衡研究,测定了平衡液相组成及密度,采用Schreinemakers湿渣法和X射线粉晶衍射法确定了平衡固相组成。研究发现:298.2 K时,该体系为简单三元体系,无复盐形成,相图由1个三元共饱点、2条单变量曲线和2个结晶相区组成;323.2和348.2 K时,该体系为复杂三元体系,有复盐氯钾钙石(KCl·CaCl2)形成,相图均由2个三元共饱点、3条单变量曲线和3个结晶相区组成。对比该三元体系278.2、298.2、308.2、323.2、348.2 K相图可知:随温度升高,CaCl2结晶形式发生变化,CaCl2·6H2O(278.2、298.2 K)→CaCl2·4H2O(308.2 K)→CaCl2·2H2O(323.2、348.2 K);KCl结晶面积在323.2 K时最大,氯钾钙石结晶面积随温度升高而增大。采用Pitzer-Simonson-Clegg模型进行了三元体系KCl + CaCl2 + H2O(298.2、323.2、348.2 K)热力学计算,理论计算值与实验值吻合较好。
中图分类号:
于旭东, 李琪, 陈念粗, 杜理, 任思颖, 曾英. 三元体系KCl + CaCl2 + H2O 298.2、323.2及348.2 K相平衡研究及计算[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3256-3265.
Xudong YU, Qi LI, Niancu CHEN, Li DU, Siying REN, Ying ZENG. Phase equilibria and calculation of aqueous ternary system KCl + CaCl2 + H2O at 298.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3256-3265.
图1 二元体系KCl + H2O、CaCl2 + H2O 298.2、323.2、348.2 K溶解度数据对比
Fig.1 Comparison of solubility data of the binary systems KCl + H2O, CaCl2+H2O at 298.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K
编号 | 密度 ρ/(g/cm3) | 液相组成 w(B)×102 | 湿固相组成 w(B)×102 | 平衡固相 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
w(KCl) | w(CaCl2) | w(KCl) | w(CaCl2) | |||
T = 298.2 K | ||||||
1, A | 1.1837 | 26.18 | 0.00 | — | — | KCl |
2 | 1.1919 | 23.23 | 2.77 | 59.29 | 1.54 | KCl |
3 | 1.1953 | 21.07 | 5.16 | 59.94 | 2.63 | KCl |
4 | 1.2130 | 18.31 | 8.14 | 53.82 | 4.57 | KCl |
5 | 1.2217 | 15.55 | 11.26 | 72.01 | 3.67 | KCl |
6 | 1.2459 | 12.07 | 15.57 | 51.16 | 8.68 | KCl |
7 | 1.2605 | 9.80 | 19.19 | 62.52 | 8.00 | KCl |
8 | 1.2847 | 7.58 | 22.71 | 80.77 | 4.75 | KCl |
9 | 1.3010 | 5.58 | 26.41 | 71.16 | 7.82 | KCl |
10 | 1.3383 | 4.91 | 28.74 | 53.74 | 14.18 | KCl |
11 | 1.3490 | 4.07 | 31.84 | 67.50 | 10.44 | KCl |
12 | 1.3873 | 3.58 | 34.72 | 66.73 | 11.79 | KCl |
13 | 1.3961 | 3.34 | 36.81 | 63.62 | 13.41 | KCl |
14 | 1.4252 | 3.18 | 40.47 | 63.92 | 14.24 | KCl |
15 | 1.4503 | 3.52 | 43.08 | 77.75 | 9.21 | KCl |
16 | 1.4615 | 3.31 | 44.41 | 50.94 | 21.71 | KCl |
17, S1 | 1.4664 | 2.81 | 45.62 | 1.10 | 48.59 | KCl + CaCl2·6H2O |
18, B | 1.4570 | 0.00 | 44.83 | — | — | CaCl2·6H2O |
T = 323.2 K | ||||||
1, C | 1.2032 | 29.87 | 0.00 | — | — | KCl |
2 | 1.2119 | 26.52 | 3.28 | 65.74 | 1.57 | KCl |
3 | 1.2149 | 23.39 | 6.46 | 73.40 | 2.19 | KCl |
4 | 1.2327 | 20.21 | 10.18 | 67.70 | 4.27 | KCl |
5 | 1.2474 | 17.00 | 13.43 | 66.42 | 5.55 | KCl |
6 | 1.2600 | 13.40 | 17.67 | 67.87 | 6.64 | KCl |
7 | 1.2792 | 10.97 | 21.21 | 65.99 | 8.06 | KCl |
8 | 1.2954 | 8.55 | 25.18 | 65.82 | 9.29 | KCl |
9 | 1.3149 | 6.40 | 29.11 | 67.27 | 10.41 | KCl |
10 | 1.3532 | 6.09 | 31.26 | 65.90 | 11.46 | KCl |
11 | 1.3908 | 5.12 | 36.74 | 71.33 | 11.29 | KCl |
12 | 1.4188 | 4.87 | 40.10 | 72.83 | 11.56 | KCl |
13 | 1.4559 | 5.01 | 42.97 | 76.87 | 12.51 | KCl |
14 | 1.4843 | 5.28 | 44.98 | 75.73 | 13.47 | KCl |
15 | 1.5001 | 5.63 | 47.10 | 74.76 | 13.45 | KCl |
16 | 1.5131 | 5.84 | 48.83 | 73.58 | 14.40 | KCl |
17 | 1.5526 | 7.23 | 50.86 | 33.33 | 36.61 | KCl |
18, S2 | 1.5571 | 7.40 | 51.88 | 40.08 | 54.27 | KCl + KCl·CaCl2 |
19 | 1.5556 | 7.24 | 52.74 | 10.14 | 52.97 | KCl·CaCl2 |
20 | 1.5508 | 5.01 | 55.02 | 26.21 | 57.97 | KCl·CaCl2 |
21, S3 | 1.5511 | 4.24 | 55.07 | 7.48 | 61.15 | KCl·CaCl2 + CaCl2·2H2O |
22 | 1.5496 | 4.10 | 55.18 | 2.57 | 62.16 | CaCl2·2H2O |
23 | 1.5384 | 2.18 | 55.58 | 2.05 | 60.68 | CaCl2·2H2O |
24, D | 1.5366 | 0.00 | 56.74 | — | — | CaCl2·2H2O |
T = 348.2 K | ||||||
1, E | 1.2992 | 33.08 | 0.00 | — | — | KCl |
2 | 1.3057 | 29.78 | 3.64 | 77.93 | 1.56 | KCl |
3 | 1.3153 | 26.22 | 7.07 | 75.07 | 2.30 | KCl |
4 | 1.3236 | 22.94 | 10.43 | 70.94 | 4.52 | KCl |
5 | 1.3442 | 19.10 | 14.59 | 61.73 | 7.51 | KCl |
6 | 1.3490 | 15.64 | 19.79 | 65.71 | 9.51 | KCl |
7 | 1.3889 | 12.42 | 24.19 | 77.24 | 7.93 | KCl |
8 | 1.4435 | 10.21 | 28.66 | 68.01 | 10.59 | KCl |
9 | 1.4597 | 7.70 | 33.05 | 69.57 | 12.08 | KCl |
10 | 1.5251 | 7.16 | 38.38 | 71.84 | 12.05 | KCl |
11 | 1.5890 | 6.50 | 41.34 | 65.19 | 15.48 | KCl |
12 | 1.6241 | 6.42 | 43.68 | 67.34 | 15.57 | KCl |
13 | 1.6385 | 7.09 | 46.21 | 66.84 | 16.23 | KCl |
14, S4 | 1.6511 | 9.36 | 48.36 | 19.73 | 44.10 | KCl + KCl·CaCl2 |
15 | 1.6612 | 7.99 | 51.52 | 19.08 | 53.98 | KCl·CaCl2 |
16 | 1.6708 | 5.85 | 53.98 | 17.23 | 55.68 | KCl·CaCl2 |
17 | 1.6765 | 4.66 | 55.38 | 10.18 | 56.31 | KCl·CaCl2 |
18, S5 | 1.6820 | 3.69 | 56.56 | 8.79 | 60.30 | KCl·CaCl2 + CaCl2·2H2O |
19 | 1.7013 | 2.43 | 56.82 | 1.34 | 63.88 | CaCl2·2H2O |
20 | 1.7214 | 1.95 | 57.12 | 1.16 | 63.62 | CaCl2·2H2O |
21, F | 1.7432 | 0.00 | 58.84 | — | — | CaCl2·2H2O |
表1 三元体系KCl + CaCl2 + H2O 在298.2、323.2和348.2 K的固液相平衡数据
Table 1 Solid-liquid phase equilibria data of the ternary system KCl + CaCl2 + H2O at 298.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K
编号 | 密度 ρ/(g/cm3) | 液相组成 w(B)×102 | 湿固相组成 w(B)×102 | 平衡固相 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
w(KCl) | w(CaCl2) | w(KCl) | w(CaCl2) | |||
T = 298.2 K | ||||||
1, A | 1.1837 | 26.18 | 0.00 | — | — | KCl |
2 | 1.1919 | 23.23 | 2.77 | 59.29 | 1.54 | KCl |
3 | 1.1953 | 21.07 | 5.16 | 59.94 | 2.63 | KCl |
4 | 1.2130 | 18.31 | 8.14 | 53.82 | 4.57 | KCl |
5 | 1.2217 | 15.55 | 11.26 | 72.01 | 3.67 | KCl |
6 | 1.2459 | 12.07 | 15.57 | 51.16 | 8.68 | KCl |
7 | 1.2605 | 9.80 | 19.19 | 62.52 | 8.00 | KCl |
8 | 1.2847 | 7.58 | 22.71 | 80.77 | 4.75 | KCl |
9 | 1.3010 | 5.58 | 26.41 | 71.16 | 7.82 | KCl |
10 | 1.3383 | 4.91 | 28.74 | 53.74 | 14.18 | KCl |
11 | 1.3490 | 4.07 | 31.84 | 67.50 | 10.44 | KCl |
12 | 1.3873 | 3.58 | 34.72 | 66.73 | 11.79 | KCl |
13 | 1.3961 | 3.34 | 36.81 | 63.62 | 13.41 | KCl |
14 | 1.4252 | 3.18 | 40.47 | 63.92 | 14.24 | KCl |
15 | 1.4503 | 3.52 | 43.08 | 77.75 | 9.21 | KCl |
16 | 1.4615 | 3.31 | 44.41 | 50.94 | 21.71 | KCl |
17, S1 | 1.4664 | 2.81 | 45.62 | 1.10 | 48.59 | KCl + CaCl2·6H2O |
18, B | 1.4570 | 0.00 | 44.83 | — | — | CaCl2·6H2O |
T = 323.2 K | ||||||
1, C | 1.2032 | 29.87 | 0.00 | — | — | KCl |
2 | 1.2119 | 26.52 | 3.28 | 65.74 | 1.57 | KCl |
3 | 1.2149 | 23.39 | 6.46 | 73.40 | 2.19 | KCl |
4 | 1.2327 | 20.21 | 10.18 | 67.70 | 4.27 | KCl |
5 | 1.2474 | 17.00 | 13.43 | 66.42 | 5.55 | KCl |
6 | 1.2600 | 13.40 | 17.67 | 67.87 | 6.64 | KCl |
7 | 1.2792 | 10.97 | 21.21 | 65.99 | 8.06 | KCl |
8 | 1.2954 | 8.55 | 25.18 | 65.82 | 9.29 | KCl |
9 | 1.3149 | 6.40 | 29.11 | 67.27 | 10.41 | KCl |
10 | 1.3532 | 6.09 | 31.26 | 65.90 | 11.46 | KCl |
11 | 1.3908 | 5.12 | 36.74 | 71.33 | 11.29 | KCl |
12 | 1.4188 | 4.87 | 40.10 | 72.83 | 11.56 | KCl |
13 | 1.4559 | 5.01 | 42.97 | 76.87 | 12.51 | KCl |
14 | 1.4843 | 5.28 | 44.98 | 75.73 | 13.47 | KCl |
15 | 1.5001 | 5.63 | 47.10 | 74.76 | 13.45 | KCl |
16 | 1.5131 | 5.84 | 48.83 | 73.58 | 14.40 | KCl |
17 | 1.5526 | 7.23 | 50.86 | 33.33 | 36.61 | KCl |
18, S2 | 1.5571 | 7.40 | 51.88 | 40.08 | 54.27 | KCl + KCl·CaCl2 |
19 | 1.5556 | 7.24 | 52.74 | 10.14 | 52.97 | KCl·CaCl2 |
20 | 1.5508 | 5.01 | 55.02 | 26.21 | 57.97 | KCl·CaCl2 |
21, S3 | 1.5511 | 4.24 | 55.07 | 7.48 | 61.15 | KCl·CaCl2 + CaCl2·2H2O |
22 | 1.5496 | 4.10 | 55.18 | 2.57 | 62.16 | CaCl2·2H2O |
23 | 1.5384 | 2.18 | 55.58 | 2.05 | 60.68 | CaCl2·2H2O |
24, D | 1.5366 | 0.00 | 56.74 | — | — | CaCl2·2H2O |
T = 348.2 K | ||||||
1, E | 1.2992 | 33.08 | 0.00 | — | — | KCl |
2 | 1.3057 | 29.78 | 3.64 | 77.93 | 1.56 | KCl |
3 | 1.3153 | 26.22 | 7.07 | 75.07 | 2.30 | KCl |
4 | 1.3236 | 22.94 | 10.43 | 70.94 | 4.52 | KCl |
5 | 1.3442 | 19.10 | 14.59 | 61.73 | 7.51 | KCl |
6 | 1.3490 | 15.64 | 19.79 | 65.71 | 9.51 | KCl |
7 | 1.3889 | 12.42 | 24.19 | 77.24 | 7.93 | KCl |
8 | 1.4435 | 10.21 | 28.66 | 68.01 | 10.59 | KCl |
9 | 1.4597 | 7.70 | 33.05 | 69.57 | 12.08 | KCl |
10 | 1.5251 | 7.16 | 38.38 | 71.84 | 12.05 | KCl |
11 | 1.5890 | 6.50 | 41.34 | 65.19 | 15.48 | KCl |
12 | 1.6241 | 6.42 | 43.68 | 67.34 | 15.57 | KCl |
13 | 1.6385 | 7.09 | 46.21 | 66.84 | 16.23 | KCl |
14, S4 | 1.6511 | 9.36 | 48.36 | 19.73 | 44.10 | KCl + KCl·CaCl2 |
15 | 1.6612 | 7.99 | 51.52 | 19.08 | 53.98 | KCl·CaCl2 |
16 | 1.6708 | 5.85 | 53.98 | 17.23 | 55.68 | KCl·CaCl2 |
17 | 1.6765 | 4.66 | 55.38 | 10.18 | 56.31 | KCl·CaCl2 |
18, S5 | 1.6820 | 3.69 | 56.56 | 8.79 | 60.30 | KCl·CaCl2 + CaCl2·2H2O |
19 | 1.7013 | 2.43 | 56.82 | 1.34 | 63.88 | CaCl2·2H2O |
20 | 1.7214 | 1.95 | 57.12 | 1.16 | 63.62 | CaCl2·2H2O |
21, F | 1.7432 | 0.00 | 58.84 | — | — | CaCl2·2H2O |
图10 三元体系KCl + CaCl2 + H2O对比相图Sy—KCl; Chle—KCl·CaCl2; KC—2KCl·CaCl2·2H2O; Ant—CaCl2·6H2O; Sin—CaCl2·2H2O
Fig.10 Comparison of phase diagrams of the ternary system KCl + CaCl2 + H2O
体系 | αMX | BMX | W1,MX | U1,MX | V1,MX | 文献 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T = 298.2 K | [ | |||||||
KCl-H2O | 13 | 0 | 9.1029 | 0 | -3.7326 | -3.1452 | 0.3974 | |
CaCl2-H2O | 13 | 2 | 57.5105 | 163.5972 | 23.2003 | 71.0962 | -79.9384 | |
T = 323.2 K | ||||||||
KCl-H2O | 13 | 0 | 10.4427 | 0 | -3.2804 | -2.3879 | 0.4077 | |
CaCl2-H2O | 13 | 2 | 90.4708 | 88.6000 | 15.0772 | 57.7981 | -60.2934 | |
T = 348.2 K | ||||||||
KCl-H2O | 13 | 0 | 15.4538 | 0 | 0.2626 | 6.1647 | -4.7684 | |
CaCl2-H2O | 13 | 2 | 119.6073 | 14.5708 | 4.9119 | 39.4562 | -37.3883 |
表2 三元体系KCl + CaCl2 + H2O 298.2、323.2和348.2 K单盐参数
Table 2 Single salt parameters of the ternary system KCl + CaCl2 + H2O at 298.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K
体系 | αMX | BMX | W1,MX | U1,MX | V1,MX | 文献 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T = 298.2 K | [ | |||||||
KCl-H2O | 13 | 0 | 9.1029 | 0 | -3.7326 | -3.1452 | 0.3974 | |
CaCl2-H2O | 13 | 2 | 57.5105 | 163.5972 | 23.2003 | 71.0962 | -79.9384 | |
T = 323.2 K | ||||||||
KCl-H2O | 13 | 0 | 10.4427 | 0 | -3.2804 | -2.3879 | 0.4077 | |
CaCl2-H2O | 13 | 2 | 90.4708 | 88.6000 | 15.0772 | 57.7981 | -60.2934 | |
T = 348.2 K | ||||||||
KCl-H2O | 13 | 0 | 15.4538 | 0 | 0.2626 | 6.1647 | -4.7684 | |
CaCl2-H2O | 13 | 2 | 119.6073 | 14.5708 | 4.9119 | 39.4562 | -37.3883 |
T/K | WMNX | QMNX | UMNX | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
298.2 | 216.2946 | -333.0332 | 254.5483 | [ |
323.2 | 201.1790 | -322.7688 | 255.6148 | |
348.2 | 157.8346 | -267.3083 | 217.4444 |
表3 三元体系KCl + CaCl2 + H2O 298.2、323.2和348.2 K混合参数
Table 3 Mixing parameters of the ternary system KCl + CaCl2 + H2O at 298.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K
T/K | WMNX | QMNX | UMNX | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
298.2 | 216.2946 | -333.0332 | 254.5483 | [ |
323.2 | 201.1790 | -322.7688 | 255.6148 | |
348.2 | 157.8346 | -267.3083 | 217.4444 |
固相 | T/K | Ksp | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|
KCl | 298.2 | 8.1347 | [ |
323.2 | 12.7311 | ||
348.2 | 16.9827 | ||
CaCl2·6H2O | 298.2 | 7.4367×103 | |
CaCl2·2H2O | 323.3 | 2.5202×106 | |
348.2 | 6.3200×105 | ||
KCl·CaCl2 | 323.2 | 2.9535×108 | |
348.2 | 7.8489×107 |
表4 三元体系KCl + CaCl2 + H2O 298.2、323.2和348.2 K各盐溶度积常数
Table 4 Ksp of solid phase in the ternary system KCl + CaCl2 + H2O at 298.2, 323.2, and 348.2 K
固相 | T/K | Ksp | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|
KCl | 298.2 | 8.1347 | [ |
323.2 | 12.7311 | ||
348.2 | 16.9827 | ||
CaCl2·6H2O | 298.2 | 7.4367×103 | |
CaCl2·2H2O | 323.3 | 2.5202×106 | |
348.2 | 6.3200×105 | ||
KCl·CaCl2 | 323.2 | 2.9535×108 | |
348.2 | 7.8489×107 |
图11 三元体系KCl + CaCl2 + H2O 298.2(a)、323.2(b)、348.2 K(c)实验与计算相图
Fig.11 Experimental and calculated phase diagrams of the ternary system KCl + CaCl2 + H2O at 298.2(a), 323.2(b), and 348.2 K(c)
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