单颗粒铁粉燃烧特性及产物形貌分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231041

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在国家“双碳”目标下，化石燃料的无碳替代利用变得十分重要。金属燃料是一类新型的无碳燃料，其中微米铁粉被认为是最具潜力的金属燃料。然而，目前对铁粉燃烧机理的理解尚处于起步阶段。为了研究单颗粒铁粉的燃烧特性，基于振动-夹带流原理设计了一种新型铁粉燃烧器，实现了单颗粒铁粉稳定供给，并在热氛围中快速燃烧。研究了粒径主要集中在50~65 μm内的单颗粒铁粉在稀燃甲烷/空气热氛围中点燃和燃烧过程。观察到单颗粒铁粉的燃烧过程主要分为燃烧迟滞、正常燃烧和产物凝固三个阶段。采用高速摄像机拍摄了单个铁粉颗粒的燃烧历程，发现了典型的燃烧亮度反常现象，同时观察到铁粉颗粒的运动速度在燃烧后期发生突变。另外，通过对燃烧中间产物与最终产物进行采样分析，表明单颗粒铁粉在燃烧初期发生熔化，在燃烧过程中产生气体并膨胀，最终发生破裂形成空心薄壁球体。

关键词: 微米尺度, 铁粉, 夹带流, 再生能源, 多相反应, 燃烧

Abstract:

Under the national goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the carbon-free alternative utilization of fossil fuels has become very important. Metal fuels are a new type of carbon-free fuels, among which micron iron powder is considered to be the most potential metal fuel. However, the current understanding of the combustion mechanism of iron powder is still in its infancy. In order to study the combustion characteristics of single iron particle, a new type of iron powder burner was designed based on the principle of vibration-entrainment flow. It realizes the single iron particle supply and ensures its rapid combustion in a hot environment. The ignition and combustion processes of single iron particle with the diameter mainly distributed within 50 μm to 65 μm in the fuel-lean methane/air flame environment were investigated. It was observed that the combustion process of single iron particle was mainly divided into three stages: combustion retardation, normal combustion and product solidification. The combustion history of single iron particle was captured by using a high-speed digital camera, and typical combustion brightness anomalies were found. The sharp variation of the motion speed of iron particle was observed in the later period of combustion. In addition, the intermediate and final products of combustion were analyzed. It indicates that single iron particle melts in the initial of combustion, then the gas generates and expands during the combustion process, and the product particle bursts and becomes a hollow thin-walled sphere eventually.

Key words: micrometer scale, iron powder, entrained flow, renewable energy, multiphase reaction, combustion

中图分类号:

TF 122.3

蔡骁, 张龙凯, 王金华, 黄佐华. 单颗粒铁粉燃烧特性及产物形貌分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(11): 4702-4709.

Xiao CAI, Longkai ZHANG, Jinhua WANG, Zuohua HUANG. Analysis of combustion characteristics and product morphology of single iron particle[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(11): 4702-4709.

图/表 12

图1 供粉系统结构图

Fig.1 Structure of powder supply system

图2 燃烧器结构图

Fig. 2 Structure of the burner

表1 实验工况

Table 1 Experimental conditions

甲烷	空气	计量比	载气（空气）
1.9 L/min	23.1 L/min	0.8	5 L/min

图3 拍摄系统示意图和实验装置实物图

Fig.3 Schematic of the imaging system and photograph of experimental setup

图4 铁粉颗粒电镜图

Fig.4 Electron microscopy image of iron powder particles

图5 铁粉颗粒粒径分布

Fig.5 Particle size distribution of iron powder

图6 单颗粒铁粉发光强度随时间的变化

Fig. 6 Variation of luminous intensity of a single iron particle with time

图7 单颗粒铁粉燃烧历程

Fig.7 Evolution of the combustion of a single iron particle

图8 颗粒速度变化

Fig. 8 Variation of particle velocity

图9 燃烧过程产物电镜图

Fig. 9 Electron micrograph of combustion process products

图10 燃烧最终产物电镜图

Fig. 10 Electron micrograph of combustion final product

图11 燃烧产物粒径分布

Fig. 11 Particle size distribution of iron particle combustion products

参考文献 31

1	Halter F, Jeanjean S, Chauveau C, et al. Recyclable metal fuels as future zero-carbon energy carrier[J]. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 2023, 13: 100100.
2	Young G, Sullivan K, Zachariah M R, et al. Combustion characteristics of boron nanoparticles[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2009, 156(2): 322-333.
3	Ao W, Fan Z M, Gao Y, et al. Ignition and combustion characteristics of boron-based nanofluid fuel[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2023, 254: 112831.
4	Huang Y, Risha G A, Yang V, et al. Effect of particle size on combustion of aluminum particle dust in air[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2009, 156(1): 5-13.
5	Zhang G C, Liu L, Wen Z, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of aluminum particle combustion driven instability in solid rocket motors[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2023, 211: 268-279.
6	Bergthorson J M. Recyclable metal fuels for clean and compact zero-carbon power[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2018, 68: 169-196.
7	Muller M, El-Rabii H, Fabbro R. Liquid phase combustion of iron in an oxygen atmosphere[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2015, 50(9): 3337-3350.
8	Choisez L, van Rooij N E, Hessels C J M, et al. Phase transformations and microstructure evolution during combustion of iron powder[J]. Acta Materialia, 2022, 239: 118261.
9	Li S, Huang J Q, Weng W B, et al. Ignition and combustion behavior of single micron-sized iron particle in hot gas flow[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 241: 112099.
10	Ning D G, Shoshin Y, van Stiphout M, et al. Temperature and phase transitions of laser-ignited single iron particle[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 236: 111801.
11	Sun J H, Dobashi R, Hirano T. Concentration profile of particles across a flame propagating through an iron particle cloud[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2003, 134(4): 381-387.
12	Sun J H, Dobashi R, Hirano T. Combustion behavior of iron particles suspended in air[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2000, 150(1/2/3/4/5/6): 99-114.
13	McRae M, Julien P, Salvo S, et al. Stabilized, flat iron flames on a hot counterflow burner[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37(3): 3185-3191.
14	Bergthorson J M, Goroshin S, Soo M J, et al. Direct combustion of recyclable metal fuels for zero-carbon heat and power[J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 160: 368-382.
15	Poletaev N I, Khlebnikova M Y. Combustion of iron particles suspension in laminar premixed and diffusion flames[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2022, 194(7): 1356-1377.
16	Cai X, Su S G, Su L M, et al. Structure and propagation of spherical turbulent iron-methane hybrid flame at elevated pressure[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2023, 255: 112918.
17	Shoshin Y, Dreizin E. Particle combustion rates in premixed flames of polydisperse metal-air aerosols[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2003, 133(3): 275-287.
18	Ning D G, Shoshin Y, van Oijen J A, et al. Burn time and combustion regime of laser-ignited single iron particle[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2021, 230: 111424.
19	Li Y H, Pangestu S, Purwanto A, et al. Synergetic combustion behavior of aluminum and coal addition in hybrid iron-methane-air premixed flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2021, 228: 364-374.
20	Liu X, Tan H Z, Xiong X H, et al. Mechanism study of nitric oxide reduction by light gases from typical Chinese coals[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2020, 93(4): 1697-1704.
21	陶顺龙, 陆海峰, 郭晓镭, 等. 煤粉料仓通气下料流动行为 [J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(4): 1186-1193.
	Tao S L, Lu H F, Guo X L, et al. Flow behavior of aerated discharging of pulverized coal from hopper[J]. CIESC Journal, 2014, 65(4): 1186-1193.
22	Smith G P, Golden D M, Frenklach M, et al. GRI-Mech 2.1[EB/OL]. .
23	Jean-Philyppe J, Fujinawa A, Bergthorson J M, et al. The ignition of fine iron particles in the Knudsen transition regime[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2023, 255: 112869.
24	Schmidt U, Weigert M, Broaddus C, et al. Cell detection with star-convex polygons[M]//Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention-MICCAI 2018. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018: 265-273.
25	Ershov D, Phan M S, Pylvänäinen J W, et al. TrackMate 7: integrating state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms into tracking pipelines[J]. Nature Methods, 2022, 19(7): 829-832.
26	Dreizin E L. Phase changes in metal combustion[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2000, 26(1): 57-78.
27	Aokl H, Kurosakl Y, Anzai H. Study on the tubular pinch effect in a pipe flow (Ⅰ): Lateral migration of a single particle in laminar Poiseuille flow[J]. Bulletin of JSME, 1979, 22(164): 206-212.
28	卫雪岩, 钱勇. 微米级铁粉燃料中低温氧化反应特性及其动力学研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2624-2638.
	Wei X Y, Qian Y. Experimental study on the low to medium temperature oxidation characteristics and kinetics of micro-size iron powder[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2624-2638.
29	曾如宾, 沈中杰, 梁钦锋, 等. 基于分子动力学模拟的Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒烧结机制研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3353-3365.
	Zeng R B, Shen Z J, Liang Q F, et al. Study of the sintering mechanism of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles based on molecular dynamics simulation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3353-3365.
30	Yurek G J, Hirth J P, Rapp R A. The formation of two-phase layered scales on pure metals[J]. Oxidation of Metals, 1974, 8(5): 265-281.
31	Ning D G, Shoshin Y, van Oijen J, et al. Size evolution during laser-ignited single iron particle combustion[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2023, 39(3): 3561-3571.

[1]	吴曦, 区祖迪, 张鑫杰, 徐士鸣, 朱晓静. HFO-1243zf爆燃特性实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 346-352.
[2]	卫雪岩, 钱勇. 微米级铁粉燃料中低温氧化反应特性及其动力学研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2624-2638.
[3]	朱风, 陈凯琳, 黄小凤, 鲍银珠, 李文斌, 刘嘉鑫, 吴玮强, 高王伟. KOH改性电石渣脱除羰基硫的性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2668-2679.
[4]	李晨曦, 刘永峰, 张璐, 刘海峰, 宋金瓯, 何旭. O₂/CO₂氛围下正庚烷的燃烧机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 2157-2169.
[5]	禹进, 余彬彬, 蒋新生. 一种基于虚拟组分的燃烧调控化学作用量化及分析方法研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(3): 1303-1312.
[6]	张梦波, 楼琳瑾, 冯艺荣, 郑雨婷, 张浩淼, 王靖岱, 阳永荣. 烷基铝氧烷合成技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(2): 525-534.
[7]	李晨亚, 刘捷, 王建芝, 刘艳萍, 林笑, 喻发全. 螺旋微通道反应器贝克曼重排制备己内酰胺[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(10): 4182-4190.
[8]	张金鹏, 王强, 王艳美, 严舒, 吴建波, 张慧, 白红存. 镍基载氧体化学链燃烧过程中宁夏QH和YCW煤分子结构演化特征及对比分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(10): 4252-4266.
[9]	黄宽, 马永德, 蔡镇平, 曹彦宁, 江莉龙. 油脂催化加氢转化制备第二代生物柴油研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(1): 380-396.
[10]	陈余, 郑晓妍, 赵辉, 王二强, 李杰, 李春山. Pickering乳液催化非均相羟醛缩合反应研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(1): 449-458.
[11]	孙嘉辰, 裴春雷, 陈赛, 赵志坚, 何盛宝, 巩金龙. 化学链低碳烷烃氧化脱氢技术进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(1): 205-223.
[12]	鲁文静, 李先锋. 液流电池多孔离子传导膜研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(1): 192-204.
[13]	周桓, 张梦丽, 郝晴, 吴思, 李杰, 徐存兵. 硫酸镁型光卤石转化钾盐镁矾的过程机制与动态规律[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 3841-3850.
[14]	王永倩, 王平, 程康, 毛晨林, 刘文锋, 尹智成, Ferrante Antonio. 氨气/甲烷贫预混旋转湍流火焰稳定性及NO生成[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 4087-4094.
[15]	袁妮妮, 郭拓, 白红存, 何育荣, 袁永宁, 马晶晶, 郭庆杰. 化学链燃烧过程Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃载氧体表面CH₄反应：ReaxFF-MD模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 4054-4061.