低温下高纯空气黏度实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231321

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工质准确的热物理性质是工业工艺计算及设备使用优化的基础，然而空气黏度在温度190 K以下的数据匮乏，影响了工业应用的工程设计、流程优化。本文采用低温振动弦法黏度计实验系统，在温度范围85 ~ 190 K、压力范围0.2 ~ 5 MPa的条件下对气态、液态、超临界态高纯空气开展了黏度测量实验研究，黏度实验测量结果的标准不确定度为2.64%。本文工作可为液态空气工业应用的相关技术优化设计提供基础数据支撑。

关键词: 振动弦, 液态空气, 热力学, 黏度, 测量

Abstract:

The accurate thermophysical properties of the working fluid are the basis for industrial process calculations and equipment usage optimization. However, the lack of data on the viscosity of air below 190 K affects the engineering design and process optimization of industrial applications. In this work, the viscosity measurements of high purity air in gas, liquid, supercritical states were performed by using a low-temperature vibrating-wire viscometer at temperatures from (85 to 190) K and pressures from (0.2 to 5) MPa. The standard uncertainty of the viscosity measurements was estimated to be 2.64% over all the ranges of temperature and pressure. Measurement results can provide basic data for the optimization design of related technologies in industrial liquid air applications.

Key words: vibrating-wire, liquid air, thermodynamics, viscosity, measurement

中图分类号:

TK 123

周辛梓, 李增辉, 孟现阳, 吴江涛. 低温下高纯空气黏度实验研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231321.

Xinzi ZHOU, Zenghui LI, Xianyang MENG, Jiangtao WU. Experimental study on viscosity of high purity air at low temperatures[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231321.

图/表 6

图1 振弦黏度计组件示意图注:A—不锈钢管;B—航空插头;C—CF法兰;D—金属密封圈;E—外屏蔽;F—加热丝;G—内屏蔽;H—镀金触针;I—吊杆;J—铂电阻温度计1;K—铂电阻温度计2;L—测量腔体;M—陶瓷板;N—钨棒;O—磁铁;P—磁铁架;Q—钨丝;R—夹片

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the vibrating-wire viscometer assemblyA—stainless-steel tube; B—aviation connector; C—ConFlat flange; D—gasket ring; E—external shield; F—heating wire; G—internal shield; H—Au-plated contact pin; I—suspension boom; J—platinum resistance thermometer 1; K—platinum resistance thermometer 2; L—measuring cell; M—alumina ceramics substrate; N—tungsten rod; O—magnet; P—stainless steel ring; Q—tungsten wire; R—clamp

图2 低温振动弦黏度计实验系统示意图注:A—压力传感器;B—数据采集卡;C—温度控制测量单元1;D—温度控制测量单元2;E—锁相放大器;F—恒流源;G—振动弦传感器组件;H—杜瓦瓶;I—样品罐;J—真空系统;K—液氮罐;PRV—减压阀;V1-V8—针阀

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the experimental setupA—pressure transducer; B—data-collecting measurement unit; C—temperature control and measurement unit 1; D—temperature control and measurement unit 2; E—lock-in amplifier; F—AC power supply; G—vibrating-wire viscometer; H—cryogenic Dewar bottle; I—sample container; J—vacuum pump; K—liquid nitrogen tank; PRV—relief valve; V1-V8—valves

表1 振动弦黏度计实验系统参数

Table 1 Parameters of vibrating-wire viscometer

参数	值	来源
丝半径/μm	24.34·	液氮标定
丝长/ mm	50	测量
丝密度/ kg.m^-3	19251.3	文献^[28]
内部阻尼系数	2.77·10^-5	真空测量

表2 各影响因素对黏度测量不确定度的贡献

Table 2 Contributions to uncertainty for the viscosity measurements.

来源	因素自身的不确定度	黏度测量的不确定度
合计		2.64%
温度	18 mK	0.1%
压力	6 kPa	0.1%
丝半径	1%	2%
流体的密度计算及混合物的组分	0.8%	0.8%
金属丝的内部阻尼系数	30%	1.4%
钨丝的密度	30 kg/m^-3	0.3%
测量的重复性	/	0.5%

表3 高纯空气黏度实验数据

Table 3 Experimental data on viscosity of high-purity air.

温度/K	压力/MPa	密度^①/(kg·m^-3)	黏度/(μPa·s)
气态
100.00	0.45	17.27	6.46
110.00	0.50	17.03	7.22
119.99	0.55	16.72	8.01
119.99	1.14	39.02	8.47
129.99	0.58	16.49	8.76
129.99	1.25	38.30	9.25
129.99	3.24	164.53	12.32
139.99	0.62	16.27	9.45
139.99	1.36	37.78	9.95
139.99	2.81	93.19	10.93
150.00	0.54	12.83	10.00
150.00	1.03	25.49	10.39
150.00	3.10	91.10	11.60
160.00	0.57	12.66	10.70
160.00	1.09	25.03	11.11
160.00	3.36	89.06	12.35
170.01	0.60	12.48	11.35
170.01	1.15	24.60	11.42
170.01	2.91	67.70	12.75
180.00	1.20	24.18	12.41
180.00	3.07	66.17	13.35
180.01	0.54	10.51	11.85
189.99	0.56	10.41	12.43
190.00	0.81	15.14	12.71
190.00	3.26	65.41	14.02
液态
84.97	0.20	843.86	138.55
84.97	0.53	844.81	138.31
84.97	0.87	845.78	140.88
84.97	2.72	850.99	149.96
89.99	0.31	819.06	118.54
89.99	0.62	820.12	118.30
89.99	1.29	822.40	120.74
89.99	3.02	828.02	125.01
89.99	4.73	833.29	129.19
100.00	0.68	765.31	89.01
100.00	0.98	766.85	88.75
100.00	2.94	776.26	92.94
100.01	4.92	784.76	98.13
110.00	1.27	702.73	67.53
110.00	2.91	715.74	70.50
110.00	4.81	728.50	74.28
119.99	2.16	576.18	49.90
119.99	2.79	633.59	51.01
119.99	4.85	660.56	56.57
129.99	4.03	530.53	36.50
129.99	4.81	560.47	40.62
超临界态
139.99	4.85	282.17	17.78
150.00	4.72	168.43	13.75
170.01	4.74	121.49	13.84
180.00	4.83	111.42	14.20
190.00	4.60	96.08	14.42

图3 空气黏度在温度范围85 ~ 190 K的实验数据与模型计算值的偏差△, This work, 振动弦; ◇, Johnston and McCloskey, 振动盘[12]; ▽, Latto and Saunders, 毛细管[16]; ⬜, Matthew, et al. 毛细管[13]; ◁, Sutherland and Maass, 振动盘[14]; 🞅, Diller, et al., 扭转晶体法[15]

Fig.3 Deviation between experimental and calculated values of air viscosity in the temperature range of 85~190 K

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