SiC遮光剂对SiO2气凝胶复合材料热导率的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250831

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高温下SiO₂气凝胶热导率大幅增加，添加遮光剂可以显著提升其隔热性能。采用有限元分析法（Finite Element Method，FEM），建立了SiC遮光剂掺杂SiO₂气凝胶复合材料周期性体积单元模型，对其施加周期性边界条件，分析了SiC遮光剂粒径和掺杂量对SiO₂气凝胶材料气固耦合热导率的影响，结合Mie理论辐射热导率值，分析了掺杂SiC遮光剂有效热导率的变化规律。结果表明，气固耦合热导率随SiC体积分数增加而增加，辐射热导率随体积分数增加而减小，确定了不同温度和体积分数下辐射热导率最低值对应的最优粒径，得出了不同温度下使复合材料有效热导率降至最低的遮光剂参数。

关键词: 二氧化硅, 周期性边界条件, 气固耦合热导率, 辐射热导率, 数值模拟, 优化

Abstract:

At a high temperature, thermal conductivity of SiO₂ aerogel increases significantly, while SiC opacifiers can notably enhance the thermal insulation performance. Using Finite Element Method (FEM), a periodic volume element model of SiC doped SiO₂ aerogel composite was established, with periodic boundary conditions imposed. Effects of particle size and doping amount of SiC opacifiers on gas-solid coupled thermal conductivity of SiO₂ aerogels were analyzed. By combining with radiative thermal conductivity calculated via Mie theory, variation law of effective thermal conductivity of SiC doped SiO₂ aerogel composites was investigated. Results show that gas-solid coupled thermal conductivity increases with an increase in the volume fraction of SiC opacifier, resulting into a decrease in the radiative thermal conductivity. A connection of particle size to minimum radiative thermal conductivity has been determined for the SiO₂ aerogel composites, with varies of temperatures and volume fractions. And a connection of opacifier parameter to minimum thermal conductivity was also identified.

Key words: SiO₂, periodic boundary conditions, gas-solid coupled thermal conductivity, radiative thermal conductivity, numerical simulation, optimization

中图分类号:

TK 124

殷金英, 乔鑫垚, 宋书宇. SiC遮光剂对SiO₂气凝胶复合材料热导率的影响[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250831.

Jinying YIN, Xinyao QIAO, Shuyu SONG. Effect of SiC opacifier on thermal conductivity of SiO₂ aerogel composite material[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250831.

图/表 12

Fig.1 SEM image of SiC/SiO2 composite materialFig.2Schematic of RVE for SiC/SiO2 composite material

表1 SiO2与SiC材料热导率［20，24］

Table 1 Thermal conductivity of SiO2 aerogel and SiC opacifier at different temperatures

温度(℃)	100	200	300	400	500	600	700	1000
SiO₂热导率W·(m·K)^-1	0.039	0.052	0.067	0.078	0.091	0.174	0.290	-
SiC热导率W·(m·K)^-1	4.900	3.500	2.200	1.300	0.760	-	-	0.500

图3 RVE模型周期性边界条件

Fig.3 Periodic boundary conditions for RVE model

图4 网格独立性检验

Fig4 Grid independence test

表2 RVE模型随机结构对气固耦合热导率的影响

Table2 Influence of random distribution of SiC particles in RVE model on gas-solid coupled thermal conductivity

RVE模型编号	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
λ_g-s/ W·(m·K)^-1	0.0526	0.0530	0.0527	0.0526	0.0530	0.0530	0.0528	0.0527	0.0530	0.0530

表3 FEM计算值和Maxwell公式值与实验值［20］气固耦合热导率比较

Table3 Multi-method comparison and deviation of gas-solid coupled thermal conductivity of composite material

φ_op	热导率/W·(m·K)^-1	100℃	200℃	300℃	400℃	500℃	600℃
0.0375	λ_g-s,FEM	0.035	0.036	0.041	0.046	0.050	0.055
	λ_g-s,exp	0.033	0.034	0.039	0.044	0.048	0.052
	λ_g-s,Maxwell	0.031	0.035	0.038	0.039	0.041	0.045
	δ₁/%	6.06	5.88	5.13	4.55	4.17	5.77
	δ₂/%	6.45	2.94	2.60	11.40	14.60	13.40
0.01	λ_g-s,FEM	0.033	0.037	0.045	0.05	0.055	0.059
	λ_g-s,exp	0.032	0.036	0.043	0.048	0.053	0.056
	λ_g-s,Maxwell	0.030	0.033	0.035	0.037	0.038	0.041
	δ₁/%	3.13	2.78	4.65	4.17	3.77	5.36
	δ₂/%	6.25	8.33	18.50	22.80	28.30	26.70

图5 气固耦合热导率随SiC粒径和体积分数的变化

Fig.5 Variation of gas-solid coupled thermal conductivity with SiC opacifier particle size and volume fraction

图6 SiC遮光剂辐射特性

Fig.6 Radiative properties of SiC opacifier

图7 辐射热导率随SiC粒径和体积分数的变化

Fig.7 Variation of radiative thermal conductivity with SiC opacifier particle size and volume fraction

图8 SiC/SiO2气凝胶复合材料有效热导率

Fig.8 Effective thermal conductivity of SiC/SiO2 composite material

图9 SiC体积分数对复合材料有效热导率的影响

Fig.9 Effect of SiC opacifier volume fraction on effective thermal conductivity of composite material

图10 最佳掺杂参数与有效热导率及验证

Fig.10 Optimal doping parameters effective thermal conductivity and validation

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SiC遮光剂对SiO₂气凝胶复合材料热导率的影响

Effect of SiC opacifier on thermal conductivity of SiO₂ aerogel composite material

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