纯电动车热管理系统低GWP工质替代方案性能分析与综合评价

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241323

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (S1): 54-61.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20241323

纯电动车热管理系统低GWP工质替代方案性能分析与综合评价

段浩磊¹(), 陈浩远¹, 梁坤峰¹(), 王林², 陈彬³, 曹勇⁴, 张晨光¹, 李硕鹏¹, 朱登宇¹, 何亚茹¹, 杨大鹏⁵

^1.河南科技大学车辆与交通工程学院，河南洛阳 471003
^2.河南科技大学土木建筑学院，河南洛阳 471023
^3.豫新汽车热管理科技有限公司，河南新乡 453000
^4.中创新航科技集团股份有限公司，江苏常州 213000
^5.中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司，河南洛阳 471003

收稿日期:2024-11-19 修回日期:2024-11-25 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-06-26
通讯作者: 梁坤峰
作者简介:段浩磊（1998—），男，硕士研究生，dhl981220@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52378094);河南省科技发展计划项目(222102220033);洛阳市科技发展计划项目(2302035A)

Performance analysis and comprehensive evaluation of thermal management system schemes with low GWP refrigerants

Haolei DUAN¹(), Haoyuan CHEN¹, Kunfeng LIANG¹(), Lin WANG², Bin CHEN³, Yong CAO⁴, Chenguang ZHANG¹, Shuopeng LI¹, Dengyu ZHU¹, Yaru HE¹, Dapeng YANG⁵

^1.College of Vehicle and Transport Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
^2.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
^3.Yuxin Automobile Thermal Management Technology Co. , Ltd. , Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China
^4.China Aviation Lithium Battery Group Co. , Ltd. , Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
^5.China Lithium Battery Technology Co. , Ltd. , Luoyang 471003, Henan, China

Received:2024-11-19 Revised:2024-11-25 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-06-26
Contact: Kunfeng LIANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为确保能源安全、减少污染并应对全球气候变化，汽车行业正迅速从传统燃油车（CFV）转向零排放的纯电动汽车（BEV）。一个可靠且高效的车辆热管理系统对于提升BEV的性能和缓解续航焦虑至关重要。随着环境法规日益严格，选择低全球变暖潜能值（GWP）的制冷剂用于热管理系统已成为可持续发展的紧迫问题。建立了一个用于整车热管理系统的数值模拟平台，选择R744、R290、R152a、R1234yf等低GWP替代制冷剂方案，研究这些制冷剂方案之间的基本性能差异，对每个方案的热力学和环保性能进行评估，并建立了综合评价体系。结果表明：R744方案具有最高的制热能力，可达27.5 kW；R290在制冷和制热效率方面表现更好，平均能耗比R134a方案低5%~7%，R290方案表现出卓越的热力学性能和环境友好性。综合评估表明R290和R744方案是未来BEV热管理系统中具有潜力的制冷剂选择。

关键词: 热管理系统, 替代制冷剂, 热力学过程, 数值模拟, 气液两相流

Abstract:

To ensure energy security, reduce pollution and combat global climate change, the automotive industry is rapidly shifting from conventionally fuelled vehicles (CFVs) to zero-emission pure electric vehicles (BEVs). A sophisticated, reliable and efficient vehicle thermal management system is essential to enhance BEV performance and alleviate range anxiety. As environmental regulations become increasingly stringent, the selection of low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants for thermal management systems has become a pressing sustainability issue. The study establishes a numerical simulation platform for the thermal management system of a complete vehicle and selects low GWP alternative refrigerant schemes such as R744, R290, R152a and R1234yf. The basic performance differences between these refrigerant schemes are investigated, and the thermodynamic and environmental performance of each scheme is evaluated to establish a comprehensive evaluation system. The study shows that the R744 option has the highest heating capacity of 27.5 kW, R290 performs better in terms of cooling and heating efficiency, with an average energy consumption of 5% to 7% lower than that of the R134a option, and the R290 option exhibits excellent thermodynamic performance and environmental friendliness. A comprehensive evaluation shows that the R290 and R744 options are promising refrigerant choices for future BEV thermal management systems.

Key words: thermal management system, alternative refrigerants, thermodynamics process, numerical simulation, gas-liquid flow

中图分类号:

TB 69

段浩磊, 陈浩远, 梁坤峰, 王林, 陈彬, 曹勇, 张晨光, 李硕鹏, 朱登宇, 何亚茹, 杨大鹏. 纯电动车热管理系统低GWP工质替代方案性能分析与综合评价[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 54-61.

Haolei DUAN, Haoyuan CHEN, Kunfeng LIANG, Lin WANG, Bin CHEN, Yong CAO, Chenguang ZHANG, Shuopeng LI, Dengyu ZHU, Yaru HE, Dapeng YANG. Performance analysis and comprehensive evaluation of thermal management system schemes with low GWP refrigerants[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 54-61.

图/表 7

图1 AMEsim平台中的热管理系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of thermal management system in AMEsim platform

图2 热管理系统仿真模型与标定结果对比图

Fig.2 Comparison between simulation model and calibration results of thermal management system

图3 几种制冷剂在不同环境条件下的比较

Fig.3 Comparison of several refrigerants under different environmental conditions

图4 不同环境条件下各种制冷剂系统的能耗比较

Fig.4 Comparison of energy consumption of various refrigerant systems under different environmental conditions

图5 不同制冷剂热管理系统方案的热力学性能差异

Fig.5 Differences in thermodynamic performance of different refrigerant thermal management system options

图6 不同制冷剂系统方案的相对碳排放量（与R134a系统相比）

Fig.6 Relative carbon emissions of different refrigerant system options (compared to R134a systems)

表1 不同工质热管理系统方案的综合评价结果

Table 1 Results of comprehensive evaluation of thermal management system options for different work masses

项目	HFCs		自然工质		混合工质	HFOs
项目	R134a	R152a	R290	R744	R410A	R1234yf
总分	26	28	34	28	29	26
分子式	CF₃CH₂F	CHF₂CH₃	CH₃CH₂CH₃	CO₂	CH₂F₂ (50%)+CF₃CHF₂(50%)	CF₃CFCH₂
基本性能部分（第一部分）
制热量	+	+	++	+++++	+++	+
制冷量	+++++	++++	++++	++	+++	+++++
制热COP	++++	+++++	++++	++	+++	++++
制冷COP	++++	++++	+++++	++	++++	++++
压缩机排量	+	+	+++	+++++	++++	+
系统能耗	++	++++	++++	+	+++++	++
第一部分得分	17	19	22	17	22	17
系统评估部分（第二部分）
热力学评价	+++	++++	+++++	++++	+++	+++
环保性评价	+	++	++++	+++++	+	+++
经济性评价	+++++	+++	+++	++	+++	+++
第二部分得分	9	9	12	11	7	9

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纯电动车热管理系统低GWP工质替代方案性能分析与综合评价

Performance analysis and comprehensive evaluation of thermal management system schemes with low GWP refrigerants

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