考虑动态响应特性的绿氨合成系统操作窗口确定方法

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿色合成氨是可再生能源消纳和储氢的重要途径，但其生产受制于可再生能源和绿氢供应的波动性。探究合成氨系统的运行特性，从而确定其实际允许的操作窗口是解决绿氨合成系统操作灵活性的关键。结合稳态与动态模拟及设备设计，提出了考虑动态响应特性的操作窗口确定方法。在给定设计条件与设备约束下，分析了典型设备操作窗口特性，确定了系统在稳态与动态工况下的操作窗口。研究表明：经过设备优化后的系统操作窗口为60%~189%，较名义设计方案提升了43%，动态下操作窗口收窄至88%~156%。动态操作下限受控制系统稳定性限制，上限受弛放率约束。此外，受现行控制器性能限制，进料爬坡率需低于36%以维持稳定。该研究揭示了动态过程中设备耦合行为对系统操作边界的影响机制，可为绿氨系统控制策略优化提供指导。

关键词: 绿氨生产, 操作窗口, 灵活性设计, 稳态模拟, 动态模拟

Abstract:

Green ammonia synthesis is an important approach for the consumption and storage of renewable energy and green hydrogen, but its production is constrained by the fluctuation of renewable energy and green hydrogen supply. Exploring the operational characteristics of the ammonia synthesis system and determining its actual allowable operating window is the key to solving the operational flexibility of the green ammonia synthesis system. By combining steady-state and dynamic simulation with equipment design, a method for determining the operating window considering dynamic response characteristics is proposed. Under given design conditions and equipment constraints, the operating window characteristics of typical equipment are analyzed, and the operating window of the system under steady-state and dynamic conditions is determined. The research shows that the operating window of the system after equipment optimization is 60% to 189%, which is 43% higher than the nominal design scheme. Under dynamic conditions, the operating window narrows to 88% to 156%. The lower limit of dynamic operation is limited by the stability of the control system, and the upper limit is constrained by the purge rate. In addition, due to the performance limitations of the current controller, the feed ramp rate needs to be less than 36% to maintain stability. This study reveals the influence mechanism of equipment coupling behavior on the system operation boundary during the dynamic process, which can provide guidance for the optimization of control strategies in green ammonia systems.

Key words: green ammonia production, operating window, flexible design, steady-state simulation, dynamic simulation

中图分类号:

TQ 021.8

梁国浩, 孔昕山, 康丽霞, 刘永忠. 考虑动态响应特性的绿氨合成系统操作窗口确定方法[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251113.

Guohao LIANG, Xinshan KONG, Lixia KANG, Yongzhong LIU. A method for determining the operating window of green ammonia synthesis system considering dynamic response characteristics[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251113.

图/表 13

参考文献 35

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参数		单位	数值
催化剂参数	密度	kg·m^-3	2200
	热容	J·kg^-1·K^-1	1100
	颗粒水力直径	mm	2.85
工艺参数	氨产量	t·a^-1	12072
	产品浓度	wt%	99
	反应器进料温度	℃	250
	进料压力	MPa	20
	HE-2传热面积	m²	6.1
	HE-2传热系数	W·m^-2·K^-1	536
	闪蒸罐温度	℃	40
	闪蒸罐压力	MPa	19.3
	闪蒸罐体积	m³	50
	弛放率	%	5

参数		单位	数值
催化剂参数	密度	kg·m^-3	2200
	热容	J·kg^-1·K^-1	1100
	颗粒水力直径	mm	2.85
工艺参数	氨产量	t·a^-1	12072
	产品浓度	wt%	99
	反应器进料温度	℃	250
	进料压力	MPa	20
	HE-2传热面积	m²	6.1
	HE-2传热系数	W·m^-2·K^-1	536
	闪蒸罐温度	℃	40
	闪蒸罐压力	MPa	19.3
	闪蒸罐体积	m³	50
	弛放率	%	5

参数	单位	数值
直径	m	1.00
床层总长度	m	5.00
第1段床层长度	m	1.06
第2段床层长度	m	1.53
第3段床层长度	m	2.41
床层空隙率	/	0.33
催化剂装填总量	kg	5788

参数	单位	数值
直径	m	1.00
床层总长度	m	5.00
第1段床层长度	m	1.06
第2段床层长度	m	1.53
第3段床层长度	m	2.41
床层空隙率	/	0.33
催化剂装填总量	kg	5788

参数	单位	HE-1	HE-3
管程/壳程	/	1/1	1/1
壳程直径	mm	380	470
换热管直径	mm	12	25
管心距	mm	16	32
管长	mm	3800	4700
换热管数量	根	321	152
换热面积	m²	44.1	53.7