煤基冷热电联供优化方法

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251173

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

煤基冷热电联供可显著提升化工企业的能量利用效率。传统单供系统中高温烟气未按温度区间合理分级利用，缺乏基于热力学原理的联供优化方法。提出了煤基冷热电一体联供系统，对高温烟气进行温区划分，并在各温区设置不同的冷、热、电生产路径，以建立超结构。此外，以系统总㶲效率为目标函数，建立了多温区级联取热混合整数非线性规划数学模型。由某企业实际案例分析结果表明，当高温烟气的取热温区为1400-100 °C时，煤基冷热电一体联供系统的最高总㶲效率为69.01 %。相比于传统的单温区供热系统和供电系统，系统的总㶲效率分别提高了5.62 %、1.92 %。煤基冷热电联供比传统单供方式可显著提高系统能效。

关键词: 煤基冷热电联供, 级联取热, 热力学, 模型, 优化

Abstract:

Coal-based cooling, heating, and power co-generation can significantly enhance energy utilization efficiency in chemical enterprises. The high-temperature flue gas of traditional single supply systems is not reasonably classified and utilized according to different temperature zones, and there is a lack of co-generation optimization method based on thermodynamic principles. This paper proposes a novel coal-based cooling, heating, and power co-generation (CCHPC) system that divides high-temperature flue gas into different temperature zones and establishes different production pathways for cooling, heating and power generation in each temperature zone to form a superstructure. Furthermore, a mixed integer non-linear programming mathematical model of multiple temperature zones and cascade heat extraction is formulated with the overall exergy efficiency of the system as the objective function. Case study results indicate that when heat extraction temperature zone of high-temperature flue gas is 1400–100 °C, the maximum overall exergy efficiency of CCHPC system is 69.01%. Compared to traditional single temperature zone heating and power supply systems, the overall exergy efficiency of the system has increased by 5.62% and 1.92%, respectively. It can be seen that coal-based cooling, heating, and power co-generation significantly enhances energy efficiency of system compared to traditional single supply methods.

Key words: coal-based cooling, heating and power co-generation, cascade heat extraction, thermodynamics, model, optimization

中图分类号:

TQ 021.8

段文婷, 张桥. 煤基冷热电联供优化方法[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251173.

Wenting DUAN, Qiao ZHANG. Optimization method of coal-based cooling, heating and power co-generation[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251173.

图/表 9

图1 煤基冷热电一体联供系统超结构

Fig.1 Superstructure of coal-based cooling, heating and power co-generation system

图2 不同生产路径示意框图：(a)产电系统；(b)产蒸汽系统；(c)吸收式制冷系统

Fig.2 Schematic diagrams of different production pathways: (a)Power generation system; (b)Steam generation system; (c)Absorption refrigeration system

表1 工质物性信息及其他参数

Table 1 Working medium physical property information and other parameters

工质	化学式	临界温度/ ℃	临界压力/ MPa	沸点/ ℃
R600	C₄H₁₀	153.2	3.79	-0.5

表2 不同生产路径的模块选择

Table 2 Models selected in different production pathways

生产路径	组件	模块	生产路径	组件	模块
产电系统	蒸发器	HeatX	吸收式制冷系统	发生器	HeatX+Flash2
	冷凝器	HeatX		冷凝器	Heater
	汽轮机/膨胀机	Turbine		蒸发器	HeatX
	泵	Pump		吸收器	Heater+Mixer
产蒸汽系统	换热器	HeatX		溶液热交换器	Heater
				泵	Pump
				节流阀	Valve

表3 不同生产路径的相关参数

Table 3 Relevant parameters of different production pathways

		产电系统		产蒸汽系统		吸收式制冷系统
		超超临界发电系统	ORC系统	产高压蒸汽系统	产低压蒸汽系统	吸收式制冷系统
工质流体进口温度/ ℃		157	34	100	100	12
工质流体出口温度/ ℃		603	137	306	171	7
出口压力/ MPa		25	3	9.2	0.7	/
汽化潜热/ kJ·kg^-1		/	145.7	1360.25	2052.70	/
比热容/kJ·(kg·K)^-1		6.3	3.2	4.6	4.3	4.2
物流1	质量焓/ kJ·kg^-1	-12481.01	-2049.24	/	/	/
物流1	质量熵/ kJ·(kg·K)^-1	-3.05	-6.34	/	/	/
物流2	质量焓/ kJ·kg^-1	-13199.78	-2115.65	/	/	/
物流2	质量熵/ kJ·(kg·K)^-1	-2.53	-6.26	/	/	/
物流3	质量焓/ kJ·kg^-1	-15339.92	-2526.66	/	/	/
物流3	质量熵/ kJ·(kg·K)^-1	-7.56	-7.60	/	/	/
物流4	质量焓/ kJ·kg^-1	-15302.87	-2519.76	/	/	/
物流4	质量熵/ kJ·(kg·K)^-1	-7.54	-7.59	/	/	/
汽轮机T-1的㶲效率		0.83	0.74	/	/	/
泵P-1的㶲效率		0.80	0.67	/	/	/
COP		/	/	/	/	0.75

图3 总㶲效率理论最优时温区划分及生产路径

Fig.3 Temperature zone division and production pathway of theoretical optimal overall exergy efficiency

图4 总㶲效率妥协最优时温区划分及生产路径

Fig.4 Temperature zone division and production pathway of compromised optimal overall exergy efficiency

图5 不同类型系统的总㶲效率对比

Fig.5 Comparison of overall exergy efficiency for different systems

图6 不同类型系统的冷、热、电产量占比

Fig.6 Percentage of cooling, heating and power outputs for different systems

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