微生物修复Cr（Ⅵ）污染作用机制及研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210232

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铬及含铬的复合污染环境问题日益突出，生物修复技术处理铬污染场地具有应用潜力。本文剖析了微生物吸附、吸收、转化及外排Cr（Ⅵ）等作用机制；结合当前的污染场地状况，概述了多因子复合胁迫下生物去除Cr（Ⅵ）的研究现状，指出金属离子和氧阴离子胁迫对细胞生长代谢及Cr（Ⅵ）的去除产生复杂影响，成为当前的研究热点；论述了在复合污染条件下利用生物修复技术去除Cr（Ⅵ）的研究进展。提出当前生物修复铬污染场地技术，正经历着由突破功能型菌株选育向探索生物解毒机制的转变，以现有认知可以证实生物去除Cr（Ⅵ）核心技术的应用潜力；限制生物修复技术发展的瓶颈在于修复成本和技术载体等工艺本身问题，在今后的研究中有必要给予足够的关注，以推动生物修复技术走向应用。

关键词: Cr（Ⅵ）, 生物转化, 生物吸附, 抗性机制, Cr（Ⅵ）复合污染

Abstract:

The environmental problems of chromium and chromium-containing compound pollution have become increasingly prominent, and bioremediation technology has application potential for treating chromium-contaminated sites. In this article, the mechanisms of biosorption, absorption, transformation and Cr(Ⅵ) efflux are analyzed. According to contaminated site conditions, biological removal of Cr(Ⅵ) under multi-factor complex stress is summarized. Meanwhile, metal ions and oxygen anion stresses exert complex effects on cell metabolism and Cr(Ⅵ) removal, which has become the current research hotspot. Besides, progress of Cr(Ⅵ) bioremediation is expounded under combined pollution. Currently, bioremediation of chromium-contaminated sites is undergoing the transition from functional strain screening to detoxification mechanism. The current knowledge can prove the application potential of the core technology of biological removal of Cr(Ⅵ). However, the cost and medium of carrying technique have been bottleneck problems from craft itself to limit bioremediation application, which should be paid enough attention to promote the stable application of bioremediation in future research.

Key words: Cr(Ⅵ), biotransformation, biosorption, resistance mechanism, Cr(Ⅵ) combined pollution

中图分类号:

X 506

彭蕾, 姜岩, 夏如馨. 微生物修复Cr（Ⅵ）污染作用机制及研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(9): 4458-4468.

Lei PENG, Yan JIANG, Ruxin XIA. The mechanism and research progress of bioremediation of Cr(Ⅵ) pollution[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(9): 4458-4468.

图/表 8

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微生物	生物吸附剂产生菌	影响因素	最大吸附量
真菌	Aspergillus niger^[10]	pH、反应时间、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	97.1 mg/g
真菌	Penicillium chrysogenum XJ-1^[11]	反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	52.7 mg/g
细菌	Bacillus salmalaya 139SI^[12]	pH、反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度	20.4 mg/g
细菌	Bosea sp.Zer-1^[13]	pH、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	55.0 mg/L
微藻	Spirulina sp.^[14]	pH、反应时间、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	90.9 mg/g
微藻	Spirulina platensis^[15]	pH、反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	100.0 mg/g

微生物	生物吸附剂产生菌	影响因素	最大吸附量
真菌	Aspergillus niger^[10]	pH、反应时间、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	97.1 mg/g
真菌	Penicillium chrysogenum XJ-1^[11]	反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	52.7 mg/g
细菌	Bacillus salmalaya 139SI^[12]	pH、反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度	20.4 mg/g
细菌	Bosea sp.Zer-1^[13]	pH、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	55.0 mg/L
微藻	Spirulina sp.^[14]	pH、反应时间、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	90.9 mg/g
微藻	Spirulina platensis^[15]	pH、反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量	100.0 mg/g

微生物	菌株	还原部位	pH	温度/℃	转速/（r/min）	时间/h	初始浓度/（mg/L）	去除率/%
细菌	Aeribacillus pallidus BK1^[30]	细胞内	7.5	60	180	36	100.0	86.9
	Bacillus sp.SFC 500-1E^[31]	细胞内	7.0	28	150	72	25.0	80.0
	Bacillus sp.CRB-1^[29]	细胞内	7.0	42	—	24	50.0	100.0
	Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA^[32]	细胞内、外	7.0	30	180	144	5.2	99.7
	Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum W1^[33]	细胞内、表面	—	30	180	60	200.0	53.7
	Pseudomonas brenneri^[34]	细胞内、表面	6.0	30	—	—	60.0	96.3
	Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4^[18]	细胞内、表面	9.0	30	180	72	200.0	74.2
	Shewanella sp.^[35]	细胞内、外	7.0	37	180	1/3	500.0	89.0
	Bacillus sp.CRB-B1^[17]	细胞内、表面、外	7.0	37	150	24	150.0	89.6
	Bacillus sp.TCL^[16]	细胞内、表面、外	7.5	37	150	16	200.0	100.0
真菌	A. flavus CR500^[8]	细胞内	6.5	28	—	16	100.0	99.0
	Cellulosimicrobium funkei sp.AR6^[36]	细胞内	7.0	35	200	40	200.0	100.0
	Penicillium oxalicum SL2^[37]	细胞内、外	—	30	180	96	210.4	64.3

微生物	菌株	还原部位	pH	温度/℃	转速/（r/min）	时间/h	初始浓度/（mg/L）	去除率/%
细菌	Aeribacillus pallidus BK1^[30]	细胞内	7.5	60	180	36	100.0	86.9
	Bacillus sp.SFC 500-1E^[31]	细胞内	7.0	28	150	72	25.0	80.0
	Bacillus sp.CRB-1^[29]	细胞内	7.0	42	—	24	50.0	100.0
	Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA^[32]	细胞内、外	7.0	30	180	144	5.2	99.7
	Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum W1^[33]	细胞内、表面	—	30	180	60	200.0	53.7
	Pseudomonas brenneri^[34]	细胞内、表面	6.0	30	—	—	60.0	96.3
	Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4^[18]	细胞内、表面	9.0	30	180	72	200.0	74.2
	Shewanella sp.^[35]	细胞内、外	7.0	37	180	1/3	500.0	89.0
	Bacillus sp.CRB-B1^[17]	细胞内、表面、外	7.0	37	150	24	150.0	89.6
	Bacillus sp.TCL^[16]	细胞内、表面、外	7.5	37	150	16	200.0	100.0
真菌	A. flavus CR500^[8]	细胞内	6.5	28	—	16	100.0	99.0
	Cellulosimicrobium funkei sp.AR6^[36]	细胞内	7.0	35	200	40	200.0	100.0
	Penicillium oxalicum SL2^[37]	细胞内、外	—	30	180	96	210.4	64.3

胁迫类型	微生物	胁迫因子	Cr(Ⅵ)去除
金属离子	P. brenneri^[34]	Fe(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)	抑制
	Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1^[53]	Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)	抑制
	Bacillus sp.TCL^[16]	Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)	无明显影响
氧阴离子	Bacillus sp.CRB-B1^[17]	SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-、NO₃^-	抑制(NO₃^-)
氧阴离子	P. oxalicum SL2^[37]	SO₄^2-	促进