化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (9): 4458-4468.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20210232
收稿日期:
2021-02-07
修回日期:
2021-04-15
出版日期:
2021-09-05
发布日期:
2021-09-05
通讯作者:
姜岩
作者简介:
彭蕾(1997—),女,硕士研究生,基金资助:
Lei PENG(),Yan JIANG(),Ruxin XIA
Received:
2021-02-07
Revised:
2021-04-15
Online:
2021-09-05
Published:
2021-09-05
Contact:
Yan JIANG
摘要:
铬及含铬的复合污染环境问题日益突出,生物修复技术处理铬污染场地具有应用潜力。本文剖析了微生物吸附、吸收、转化及外排Cr(Ⅵ)等作用机制;结合当前的污染场地状况,概述了多因子复合胁迫下生物去除Cr(Ⅵ)的研究现状,指出金属离子和氧阴离子胁迫对细胞生长代谢及Cr(Ⅵ)的去除产生复杂影响,成为当前的研究热点;论述了在复合污染条件下利用生物修复技术去除Cr(Ⅵ)的研究进展。提出当前生物修复铬污染场地技术,正经历着由突破功能型菌株选育向探索生物解毒机制的转变,以现有认知可以证实生物去除Cr(Ⅵ)核心技术的应用潜力;限制生物修复技术发展的瓶颈在于修复成本和技术载体等工艺本身问题,在今后的研究中有必要给予足够的关注,以推动生物修复技术走向应用。
中图分类号:
彭蕾, 姜岩, 夏如馨. 微生物修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染作用机制及研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(9): 4458-4468.
Lei PENG, Yan JIANG, Ruxin XIA. The mechanism and research progress of bioremediation of Cr(Ⅵ) pollution[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(9): 4458-4468.
微生物 | 生物吸附剂产生菌 | 影响因素 | 最大吸附量 |
---|---|---|---|
真菌 | Aspergillus niger[ | pH、反应时间、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 97.1 mg/g |
Penicillium chrysogenum XJ-1[ | 反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 52.7 mg/g | |
细菌 | Bacillus salmalaya 139SI[ | pH、反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度 | 20.4 mg/g |
Bosea sp.Zer-1[ | pH、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 55.0 mg/L | |
微藻 | Spirulina sp.[ | pH、反应时间、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 90.9 mg/g |
Spirulina platensis[ | pH、反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 100.0 mg/g |
表1 用于Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的生物吸附剂
Table 1 Biological absorbent for Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption
微生物 | 生物吸附剂产生菌 | 影响因素 | 最大吸附量 |
---|---|---|---|
真菌 | Aspergillus niger[ | pH、反应时间、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 97.1 mg/g |
Penicillium chrysogenum XJ-1[ | 反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 52.7 mg/g | |
细菌 | Bacillus salmalaya 139SI[ | pH、反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度 | 20.4 mg/g |
Bosea sp.Zer-1[ | pH、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 55.0 mg/L | |
微藻 | Spirulina sp.[ | pH、反应时间、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 90.9 mg/g |
Spirulina platensis[ | pH、反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、接种量 | 100.0 mg/g |
微生物 | 菌株 | 还原部位 | pH | 温度/℃ | 转速/(r/min) | 时间/h | 初始浓度/(mg/L) | 去除率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
细菌 | Aeribacillus pallidus BK1[ | 细胞内 | 7.5 | 60 | 180 | 36 | 100.0 | 86.9 |
Bacillus sp.SFC 500-1E[ | 细胞内 | 7.0 | 28 | 150 | 72 | 25.0 | 80.0 | |
Bacillus sp.CRB-1[ | 细胞内 | 7.0 | 42 | — | 24 | 50.0 | 100.0 | |
Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA[ | 细胞内、外 | 7.0 | 30 | 180 | 144 | 5.2 | 99.7 | |
Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum W1[ | 细胞内、表面 | — | 30 | 180 | 60 | 200.0 | 53.7 | |
Pseudomonas brenneri[ | 细胞内、表面 | 6.0 | 30 | — | — | 60.0 | 96.3 | |
Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4[ | 细胞内、表面 | 9.0 | 30 | 180 | 72 | 200.0 | 74.2 | |
Shewanella sp.[ | 细胞内、外 | 7.0 | 37 | 180 | 1/3 | 500.0 | 89.0 | |
Bacillus sp.CRB-B1[ | 细胞内、表面、外 | 7.0 | 37 | 150 | 24 | 150.0 | 89.6 | |
Bacillus sp.TCL[ | 细胞内、表面、外 | 7.5 | 37 | 150 | 16 | 200.0 | 100.0 | |
真菌 | A. flavus CR500[ | 细胞内 | 6.5 | 28 | — | 16 | 100.0 | 99.0 |
Cellulosimicrobium funkei sp.AR6[ | 细胞内 | 7.0 | 35 | 200 | 40 | 200.0 | 100.0 | |
Penicillium oxalicum SL2[ | 细胞内、外 | — | 30 | 180 | 96 | 210.4 | 64.3 |
表2 具有Cr(Ⅵ)转化能力的微生物
Table 2 Microorganisms with Cr(Ⅵ) transformation ability
微生物 | 菌株 | 还原部位 | pH | 温度/℃ | 转速/(r/min) | 时间/h | 初始浓度/(mg/L) | 去除率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
细菌 | Aeribacillus pallidus BK1[ | 细胞内 | 7.5 | 60 | 180 | 36 | 100.0 | 86.9 |
Bacillus sp.SFC 500-1E[ | 细胞内 | 7.0 | 28 | 150 | 72 | 25.0 | 80.0 | |
Bacillus sp.CRB-1[ | 细胞内 | 7.0 | 42 | — | 24 | 50.0 | 100.0 | |
Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA[ | 细胞内、外 | 7.0 | 30 | 180 | 144 | 5.2 | 99.7 | |
Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum W1[ | 细胞内、表面 | — | 30 | 180 | 60 | 200.0 | 53.7 | |
Pseudomonas brenneri[ | 细胞内、表面 | 6.0 | 30 | — | — | 60.0 | 96.3 | |
Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4[ | 细胞内、表面 | 9.0 | 30 | 180 | 72 | 200.0 | 74.2 | |
Shewanella sp.[ | 细胞内、外 | 7.0 | 37 | 180 | 1/3 | 500.0 | 89.0 | |
Bacillus sp.CRB-B1[ | 细胞内、表面、外 | 7.0 | 37 | 150 | 24 | 150.0 | 89.6 | |
Bacillus sp.TCL[ | 细胞内、表面、外 | 7.5 | 37 | 150 | 16 | 200.0 | 100.0 | |
真菌 | A. flavus CR500[ | 细胞内 | 6.5 | 28 | — | 16 | 100.0 | 99.0 |
Cellulosimicrobium funkei sp.AR6[ | 细胞内 | 7.0 | 35 | 200 | 40 | 200.0 | 100.0 | |
Penicillium oxalicum SL2[ | 细胞内、外 | — | 30 | 180 | 96 | 210.4 | 64.3 |
胁迫类型 | 微生物 | 胁迫因子 | Cr(Ⅵ)去除 |
---|---|---|---|
金属离子 | P. brenneri[ | Fe(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ) | 抑制 |
Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1[ | Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ) | 抑制 | |
Bacillus sp.TCL[ | Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ) | 无明显影响 | |
氧阴离子 | Bacillus sp.CRB-B1[ | SO42-、HCO3-、NO3- | 抑制(NO3-) |
P. oxalicum SL2[ | SO42- | 促进 |
表3 其他污染因子的胁迫对细胞去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响
Table 3 Effects of removal of Cr(Ⅵ) by cells under other pollution factors stress
胁迫类型 | 微生物 | 胁迫因子 | Cr(Ⅵ)去除 |
---|---|---|---|
金属离子 | P. brenneri[ | Fe(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ) | 抑制 |
Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1[ | Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ) | 抑制 | |
Bacillus sp.TCL[ | Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ) | 无明显影响 | |
氧阴离子 | Bacillus sp.CRB-B1[ | SO42-、HCO3-、NO3- | 抑制(NO3-) |
P. oxalicum SL2[ | SO42- | 促进 |
微生物 | 有机物 类型 | Cr(Ⅵ)浓度/(mg/L) | Cr(Ⅵ) 去除率/% | 有机物浓度/ (mg/L) | 有机物 去除率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. putida SKG-1 MTCC[ | 五氯苯酚 | 500.0 | 80.0 | 100 | 100.0 |
Serratia marcescens ZD-9[ | 邻二氯苯 | 20.0 | 80.0 | 1290 | 90.0 |
Pseudomonas gessardii sp.LZ-E[ | 萘 | 10.0 | 95.0 | 800 | 77.0 |
Bacillus sp.[ | 苯酚 | 100.0 | — | 50 | — |
Aeromonas hydrophila LZ-MG14[ | 孔雀石绿 | 18.3 | 93.7 | 200 | 96.9 |
表4 典型共去除含Cr(Ⅵ)复合有机污染物的微生物
Table 4 Typical microorganisms of co-removal of Cr(Ⅵ) combined organic pollutants
微生物 | 有机物 类型 | Cr(Ⅵ)浓度/(mg/L) | Cr(Ⅵ) 去除率/% | 有机物浓度/ (mg/L) | 有机物 去除率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. putida SKG-1 MTCC[ | 五氯苯酚 | 500.0 | 80.0 | 100 | 100.0 |
Serratia marcescens ZD-9[ | 邻二氯苯 | 20.0 | 80.0 | 1290 | 90.0 |
Pseudomonas gessardii sp.LZ-E[ | 萘 | 10.0 | 95.0 | 800 | 77.0 |
Bacillus sp.[ | 苯酚 | 100.0 | — | 50 | — |
Aeromonas hydrophila LZ-MG14[ | 孔雀石绿 | 18.3 | 93.7 | 200 | 96.9 |
图4 不同培养条件对Lysinibacillus fusiformis共去除的影响(MM无机盐培养基、Cr(Ⅵ) 50 mg/L、润滑油500 mg/L、酵母浸粉0.5%、胰蛋白胨1%)
Fig.4 Effects of different culture conditions on the co-removal of Lysinibacillus fusiformis
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