ZIF-8基多孔液体制备及其SO2吸附性能

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔液体（PLs）是一种具有稳定永久孔隙结构及流动性的新型材料。以2-甲基咪唑锌盐（ZIF-8）纳米粒子为主体，1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双（三氟甲磺酰基）亚胺（[EMIm][NTf₂]）为位阻剂，合成了一种Ⅲ型多孔液体。研究了ZIF-8负载量、SO₂浓度、SO₂流量和温度对PLs吸附性能的影响。结果表明，PLs具有一定的流动性、热稳定性和永久孔隙结构；ZIF-8的加入能显著提高离子液体位阻剂的SO₂吸附能力，当ZIF-8负载量为25%时，PLs对SO₂的饱和吸附量（0.41 mmol/g）远高于纯离子液体（0.05 mmol/g），ZIF-8与离子液体的协同效应达到61.6%，同时具有较高的吸附速率（0.37 mmol/(g·min)）。PLs对SO₂的吸附行为符合Avrami吸附动力学模型，PLs主要通过化学键和范德华力的共同作用对SO₂进行吸附。PLs经过4次再生后仍具有较高的吸附能力。

关键词: ZIF-8, 多孔液体, SO₂, 吸附, 吸附剂, 动力学

Abstract:

Porous liquid (PLs) is a new kind of material with stable permanent pore structure and fluidity. A type Ⅲ porous liquid was synthesized with 2-methylimidazole zinc salt (ZIF-8) nanoparticles as the main body and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([EMIm][NTf₂]) as the steric inhibitor. The effects of ZIF-8 loading, SO₂ concentration, SO₂ flow rate and temperature on the adsorption performance of PLs were studied. The results show that PLs has certain fluidity, thermal stability and permanent pore structure. The addition of ZIF-8 can significantly improve the SO₂ adsorption capacity of ionic liquid steric inhibitor. When the loading capacity of ZIF-8 is 25%, the saturation adsorption capacity of PLs for SO₂ (0.41 mmol/g) is much higher than that of pure ionic liquid (0.05 mmol/g), the synergistic effect of ZIF-8 and ionic liquid reaches 61.6%, and the adsorption rate of ZIF-8 is higher (0.37 mmol/(g·min)). The adsorption behavior of PLs for SO₂ conforms to the Avrami adsorption kinetics model. PLs mainly adsorbs SO₂ through the interaction of chemical bond and van der Waals force. PLs still has high adsorption capacity after 4 times of regeneration.

Key words: ZIF-8, porous liquid, SO₂, adsorption, adsorbents, kinetics

中图分类号:

TQ 028.1

田宇红, 杜壮壮, 徐慧芳, 祝自强, 王宇聪. ZIF-8基多孔液体制备及其SO₂吸附性能[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(8): 4284-4296.

Yuhong TIAN, Zhuangzhuang DU, Huifang XU, Ziqiang ZHU, Yucong WANG. Preparation of ZIF-8 based porous liquid and its SO₂ adsorption performance[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(8): 4284-4296.

图/表 21

图1 多孔液体制备

Fig.1 Preparation of porous liquid

图2 SO2吸附装置

Fig.2 SO2 adsorption device diagram

图3 ZIF-8(a)和吸附SO2后ZIF-8(b)的SEM图和EDS图

Fig.3 SEM and EDS images of ZIF-8 (a) and ZIF-8 after adsorption of SO2 (b)

图4 ZIF-8、吸附SO2后的ZIF-8和多孔液体分离出的ZIF-8的XRD谱图

Fig.4 XRD patterns of ZIF-8, ZIF-8 after adsorption of SO2, and ZIF-8 separated from porous liquid

图5 吸附SO2前后ZIF-8的红外光谱

Fig.5 IR spectra of ZIF-8 before and after adsorption of SO2

图6 吸附SO2前后ZIF-8的XPS全谱图(a)及S 2p(b)、Zn 2p(c)和N 1s(d)的高分辨谱图

Fig.6 XPS full spectrum of ZIF-8 before and after adsorption of SO2 (a) and high resolution spectra of S 2p (b), Zn 2p (c) and N 1s (d)

图7 ZIF-8和多孔液体分离出的ZIF-8的N2吸脱附等温线(a)和孔径分布(b)

Fig.7 N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms (a) and pore size distributions (b) of ZIF-8 and ZIF-8 isolated from porous liquids

表1 ZIF-8和多孔液体中ZIF-8的孔结构参数

Table 1 Pore structure parameters of ZIF-8 and ZIF-8 in porous liquids

材料	比表面积/(m²/g)	孔体积/(cm³/g)	孔径/nm
ZIF-8	1031.02	0.467	0.61
ZIF-8-PLs	911.83	0.383	0.60

图8 ZIF-8-IL的TEM图和EDS图

Fig.8 TEM and EDS images of ZIF-8-IL

图9 (a) 不同ZIF-8负载量多孔液体的红外光谱; (b) 不同ZIF-8负载量多孔液体的热重曲线

Fig.9 (a) FTIR spectra of porous liquids with different ZIF-8 loads; (b) Thermogravimetric curves of porous liquids with different ZIF-8 loads

图10 ZIF-8(25%)-IL的温度-黏度图(a)和实物图(b)

Fig.10 Temperature-viscosity diagram of ZIF-8 (25%) –IL (a) and physical diagram (b)

图11 不同ZIF-8负载量多孔液体的吸附量随时间变化曲线(a)和吸附量与吸附速率的变化关系(b)

Fig.11 The change curve of adsorption capacity with time (a) and the change relationship between adsorption capacity and adsorption rate (b) of porous liquid with different ZIF-8 loads

表2 不同多孔材料吸附SO2数据对比

Table 2 Comparison of SO2 adsorption data of different porous materials

吸附剂类型	吸附温度/K	饱和吸附量/(mmol/g)	文献
UiO-66-甲酸	298	0.405	[43]
Zr-MOF-NH₂/CTF-Cu²⁺	298	0.614	[44]
Zr-MOF-NH₂/PAN	298	0.297	[45]
MOF-199/PAN	298	0.219	[45]
UiO-66-NH₂@CNTs/PTFE	298	0.6	[46]
ZIF-8(25%)-IL	303	0.41	本研究

图12 不同ZIF-8负载量多孔液体的SO2吸附协同效应

Fig.12 Synergistic effect of SO2 adsorption on porous liquids with different ZIF-8 loads

图13 不同SO2浓度下ZIF-8(25%)-IL的吸附量随时间变化曲线(a)和吸附量与吸附速率的变化关系(b); 不同气体流速下ZIF-8(25%)-IL的吸附量随时间变化曲线(c)和吸附量与吸附速率的变化关系(d)

Fig.13 The change curve of adsorption capacity with time (a) and the change relationship between adsorption capacity and adsorption rate (b) of ZIF-8(25%)-IL at different SO2 concentrations; adsorption curve of ZIF-8(25%)-IL with time (c) and relationship between adsorption amount and adsorption rate (d) at different gas flow rates

图14 不同温度下ZIF-8(25%)-IL的吸附量随时间变化曲线(a)和吸附量与吸附速率的变化关系(b)

Fig.14 Change curve of adsorption capacity with time (a) and change relationship between adsorption capacity and adsorption rate (b) of ZIF-8(25%)-IL at different temperatures

表3 不同ZIF-8负载量多孔液体吸附SO2的动力学模型拟合参数

Table 3 Kinetic model fitting parameters for adsorption of SO2 by porous liquids with different ZIF-8 loads

样品	伪一级动力学模型			伪二级动力学模型			Avrami 吸附动力学模型
样品	q_e/(mmol/g)	k₁/min^-1	R²	q_e/(mmol/g)	k₂/(g/(min·mmol))	R²	q_e/(mmol/g)	k_A/min^-1	n_A	R²
[EMIm][NTf₂]	0.0471	0.0832	0.991	0.0518	2.4151	0.991	0.0475	0.0090	0.8580	0.997
ZIF-8(5%)-IL	0.1450	0.0597	0.976	0.1661	0.4637	0.928	0.1428	0.0158	1.4573	0.997
ZIF-8(10%)-IL	0.2073	0.0579	0.975	0.2383	0.3085	0.928	0.2039	0.0143	1.4764	0.997
ZIF-8(15%)-IL	0.2732	0.0297	0.967	0.3544	0.0775	0.943	0.2571	0.0044	1.5796	0.996
ZIF-8(20%)-IL	0.5645	0.0089	0.979	0.9439	0.0058	0.977	0.3858	0.0020	1.5110	0.993
ZIF-8(25%)-IL	1.1751	0.0036	0.993	2.1766	0.0009	0.993	0.5799	0.0029	1.2668	0.996
ZIF-8(30%)-IL	1.3981	0.0017	0.997	2.7028	0.0003	0.997	0.4914	0.0026	1.1860	0.998
ZIF-8	0.4941	0.0418	0.998	0.5939	0.0796	0.980	0.4882	0.303	1.1056	0.999

图15 不同ZIF-8负载量多孔液体的伪一级吸附动力学模型(a), 伪二级吸附动力学模型(b)和Avrami吸附动力学模型(c)

Fig.15 Pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics model (a), pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model (b) and Avrami adsorption kinetics model (c) for different ZIF-8 loads of porous liquids

图16 ZIF-8(25%)-IL循环稳定性: (a) 循环吸附曲线; (b) 循环饱和吸附量与效率的关系

Fig.16 Cyclic stability of ZIF-8(25%)-IL: (a) cyclic adsorption curve; (b) relationship between cyclic saturation adsorption capacity and efficiency

图17 ZIF-8循环稳定性：(a) N2吸脱附等温线; (b) 孔径分布; (c) XRD谱图；(d) 红外光谱

Fig.17 Cyclic stability: (a) N2 adsorption and desorption isotherm; (b) aperture distribution; (c) XRD pattern, (d) infrared spectrum

图18 多孔液体吸附SO2机理

Fig.18 Porous liquid adsorption mechanism of SO2

参考文献 49

[1]	He Z H, Wang Y, Liu Y X, et al. Recent advances in sulfur poisoning of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration catalysts[J]. Fuel, 2024, 365: 131126.
[2]	Hou Y H, Chen Y H, He X H, et al. Insights into the adsorption of CO₂, SO₂ and NO _x in flue gas by carbon materials: a critical review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 490: 151424.
[3]	Kong M, Song L J, Liao H P, et al. A review on development of post-combustion CO₂ capture technologies: performance of carbon-based, zeolites and MOFs adsorbents[J]. Fuel, 2024, 371: 132103.
[4]	Zhang X M, Zhang Z H, Zhang B H, et al. Synergistic effect of Zr-MOF on phosphomolybdic acid promotes efficient oxidative desulfurization[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 256: 117804.
[5]	McLinden C A, Fioletov V, Shephard M W, et al. Space-based detection of missing sulfur dioxide sources of global air pollution[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2016, 9: 496-500.
[6]	Liu X P, Zhang Y L, Li M Z, et al. The effect of ZIF-67 nanoparticles on the desulfurization performance of deep eutectic solvent based nanofluid system[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 426: 128098.
[7]	Hou P F, Bai J Y, Yin J. On-line monitoring and optimization of performance indexes for limestone wet desulfurization technology[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, 295/296/297/298: 1020-1028.
[8]	Ng K H, Lai S Y, Jamaludin N F M, et al. A review on dry-based and wet-based catalytic sulphur dioxide (SO₂) reduction technologies[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 423: 127061.
[9]	Zhao K, Sun X, Wang C, et al. Supported catalysts for simultaneous removal of SO₂, NO _x, and Hg⁰ from industrial exhaust gases: a review[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2021, 32(10): 2963-2974.
[10]	武传朋, 李传坤, 杨哲, 等. 固体吸附材料脱除SO₂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3840-3854.
	Wu C P, Li C K, Yang Z, et al. Research progress of SO₂ removal by solid adsorbents[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3840-3854.
[11]	Chang C W, Borne I, Lawler R M, et al. Accelerating solvent selection for type Ⅱ porous liquids[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2022, 144(9): 4071-4079.
[12]	James S L. The dam bursts for porous liquids[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(27): 5712-5716.
[13]	宇国佳, 靳冬玉, 周智勇, 等. 多孔液体的设计合成与应用研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(1): 257-275.
	Yu G J, Jin D Y, Zhou Z Y, et al. Advances in the design, synthesis and application of porous liquids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(1): 257-275.
[14]	O'Reilly N, Giri N, James S L. Porous liquids[J]. Chemistry–A European Journal, 2007, 13(11): 3020-3025.
[15]	Horike S, Kitagawa S. Unveiling liquid MOFs[J]. Nature Materials, 2017, 16(11): 1054-1055.
[16]	Rimsza J M, Nenoff T M. Porous liquids: computational design for targeted gas adsorption[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(16): 18005-18015.
[17]	Wang D C, Xin Y Y, Yao D D, et al. Shining light on porous liquids: from fundamentals to syntheses, applications and future challenges[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(1): 2104162.
[18]	Liu S J, Liu J D, Hou X D, et al. Porous liquid: a stable ZIF-8 colloid in ionic liquid with permanent porosity[J]. Langmuir, 2018, 34(12): 3654-3660.
[19]	Costa Gomes M, Pison L, Červinka C, et al. Porous ionic liquids or liquid metal–organic frameworks?[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2018, 130(37): 12085-12088.
[20]	Shan W D, Fulvio P F, Kong L Y, et al. New class of type Ⅲ porous liquids: a promising platform for rational adjustment of gas sorption behavior[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(1): 32-36.
[21]	Troyano J, Carné-Sánchez A, Avci C, et al. Colloidal metal-organic framework particles: the pioneering case of ZIF-8[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2019, 48(23): 5534-5546.
[22]	Dinker M K, Zhao K, Dai Z X, et al. Porous liquids responsive to light[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2022, 61(50): e202212326.
[23]	Giri N, Del Pópolo M G, Melaugh G, et al. Liquids with permanent porosity[J]. Nature, 2015, 527(7577): 216-220.
[24]	Li X Q, Ding Y D, Guo L H, et al. Non-aqueous energy-efficient absorbents for CO₂ capture based on porous silica nanospheres impregnated with amine[J]. Energy, 2019, 171: 109-119.
[25]	Liu D F, Wu Y B, Xia Q B, et al. Experimental and molecular simulation studies of CO₂ adsorption on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks: ZIF-8 and amine-modified ZIF-8[J]. Adsorption, 2013, 19(1): 25-37.
[26]	Zhang K, Lively R P, Zhang C, et al. Exploring the framework hydrophobicity and flexibility of ZIF-8: from biofuel recovery to hydrocarbon separations[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2013, 4(21): 3618-3622.
[27]	Bhattacharyya S, Pang S H, Dutzer M R, et al. Interactions of SO₂-containing acid gases with ZIF-8: structural changes and mechanistic investigations[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016, 120(48): 27221-27229.
[28]	Feng C B, Chen L, Yan Z C. Phase behavior and aggregation property of polyglyceryl-modified silicone surfactant in [EMIM][NTf₂][J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016, 222: 133-137.
[29]	Makino T, Kanakubo M, Masuda Y, et al. CO₂ absorption properties, densities, viscosities, and electrical conductivities of ethylimidazolium and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids[J]. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2014, 362: 300-306.
[30]	Zhao X X, Ding Y D, Ma L J, et al. An enhancement of CO₂ capture in a type-Ⅲ porous liquid by 2-methylimidazole zinc salt (ZIF-8)[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022, 367: 120523.
[31]	Peng J Y, Li Y, Sun X L, et al. Controlled manipulation of metal-organic framework layers to nanometer precision inside large mesochannels of ordered mesoporous silica for enhanced removal of bisphenol A from water[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(4): 4328-4337.
[32]	Wu C, Shi L Z, Xue S G, et al. Effect of sulfur-iron modified biochar on the available cadmium and bacterial community structure in contaminated soils[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 647: 1158-1168.
[33]	Leng L J, Liu R F, Xu S Y, et al. An overview of sulfur-functional groups in biochar from pyrolysis of biomass[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022, 10(2): 107185.
[34]	Zhu Q, Wang C, Yin J, et al. Efficient and remarkable SO₂ capture: a discovery of imidazole-based ternary deep eutectic solvents[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2021, 330: 115595.
[35]	Xu X Q, Wu P, Li C Y, et al. Reversible removal of SO₂ with amine-functionalized ZIF8 dispersed in n-heptanol[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2021, 35(6): 5110-5121.
[36]	Sasikumar B, Bisht S, Arthanareeswaran G, et al. Performance of polysulfone hollow fiber membranes encompassing ZIF-8, SiO₂/ZIF-8, and amine-modified SiO₂/ZIF-8 nanofillers for CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ gas separation[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2021, 264: 118471.
[37]	Pan Y C, Liu W, Zhao Y J, et al. Improved ZIF-8 membrane: effect of activation procedure and determination of diffusivities of light hydrocarbons[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 493: 88-96.
[38]	Thommes M, Kaneko K, Neimark A V, et al. Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report)[J]. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2015, 87(9/10): 1051-1069.
[39]	Lai B B, Crawford D E, Wu H C, et al. Using porous liquids to perform liquid-liquid separations[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2024, 63(41): e202409894.
[40]	Wu J, Mu L W, Feng X, et al. Poly(alkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)-based polymerized ionic liquids: a potential high-performance lubricating grease[J]. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2019, 6(5): 1801796.
[41]	Dou S Y, Liu K, Feng Y R, et al. A new strategy to effectively capture and recover SO₂ based on the functional porous liquids[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 467: 143006.
[42]	Li X Q, Yao D D, Wang D C, et al. Amino-functionalized ZIFs-based porous liquids with low viscosity for efficient low-pressure CO₂ capture and CO₂/N₂ separation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 429: 132296.
[43]	Ma Y L, Li A R, Wang C. Experimental study on adsorption removal of SO₂ in flue gas by defective UiO-66[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 455: 140687.
[44]	Li S M, Dai Y W, Ye P W, et al. Hierarchical porous MOF/CTF hybrid frameworks used as protection against acidic harmful gases[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 491: 152035.
[45]	Zhang Y Y, Yuan S, Feng X, et al. Preparation of nanofibrous metal-organic framework filters for efficient air pollution control[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, 138(18): 5785-5788.
[46]	Feng S S, Li X Y, Zhao S F, et al. Multifunctional metal organic framework and carbon nanotube-modified filter for combined ultrafine dust capture and SO₂ dynamic adsorption[J]. Environmental Science: Nano, 2018, 5(12): 3023-3031.
[47]	Zhao X X, Ding Y D, Ma L J, et al. An amine-functionalized strategy to enhance the CO₂ absorption of type Ⅲ porous liquids[J]. Energy, 2023, 279: 127975.
[48]	Wen S Y, Wang T, Zhang X M, et al. Novel amino acid ionic liquids prepared via one-step lactam hydrolysis for the highly efficient capture of CO₂ [J]. AIChE Journal, 2023, 69(11): e18206.
[49]	Serna-Guerrero R, Sayari A. Modeling adsorption of CO₂ on amine-functionalized mesoporous silica(2): Kinetics and breakthrough curves[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 161(1/2): 182-190.

ZIF-8基多孔液体制备及其SO₂吸附性能

Preparation of ZIF-8 based porous liquid and its SO₂ adsorption performance

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 21

参考文献 49

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	吴馨, 龚建英, 李祥宇, 王宇涛, 杨小龙, 蒋震. 超声波激励疏水表面液滴运动的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 133-139.
[2]	曹庆泰, 郭松源, 李建强, 蒋赞, 汪彬, 耑锐, 吴静怡, 杨光. 负过载下多孔隔板对液氧贮箱蓄液性能的影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 217-229.
[3]	裴星亮, 叶翠平, 裴赢丽, 李文英. 碱改性MIL-53（Cr）选择性吸附分离二甲苯异构体[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 258-267.
[4]	吴梓航, 徐震原, 游锦方, 潘权稳, 王如竹. 基于吸附式储冷技术的深井钻探设备冷却系统[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 309-317.
[5]	黄国瑞, 赵耀, 谢明熹, 陈尔健, 代彦军. 一种新型数据中心余热回收系统实验与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 409-417.
[6]	李云昊, 徐纯刚, 李小森, 付骏, 王屹, 陈朝阳. 固液复配型促进剂对盐水体系CO₂水合物形成影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(8): 4228-4238.
[7]	佘海龙, 胡光忠, 崔晓钰, 柳忠彬, 彭帝, 李航. 不同节流工质下叠层微通道分布式节流制冷器性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(8): 4017-4029.
[8]	刘璐, 杨莹, 杨浩文, 王太, 王腾, 董新宇, 闫润. 星形亲水区组合表面冷凝液滴脱落特性实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(8): 3905-3914.
[9]	何晨, 陆明飞, 王令金, 许晓颖, 董鹏博, 赵文涛, 隆武强. 氨-甲醇高压混合气稀燃层流实验与模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(8): 4248-4258.
[10]	常心泉, 张克学, 王军, 夏国栋. 自由分子区内不规则颗粒的热泳力计算[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(8): 3944-3953.
[11]	史松伟, 赵诚, 刘帅, 应雨轩, 严密. 富铁飞灰耦合Fe-Zn/Al₂O₃脱除沼气H₂S研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(8): 4239-4247.
[12]	唐羽丰, 陶春珲, 王永正, 李印辉, 段然, 赵泽一, 马和平. 超高比表面积碳基多孔吸附剂制备及其Kr气存储性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(7): 3339-3349.
[13]	卢煦旸, 徐强, 康浩鹏, 史健, 曹泽水, 郭烈锦. 化学链制氢系统中磁铁矿氧载体的CO还原特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(7): 3286-3294.
[14]	乔亮, 李尚, 刘新亮, 王明, 张沛, 侯影飞. 三元共聚物稠油降黏剂的合成及分子模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(7): 3686-3695.
[15]	徐鹏国, 孟子衡, 朱干宇, 李会泉, 王晨晔, 孙振华, 田国才. 粗碳酸锂CO₂微气泡深度碳化工艺与动力学研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(7): 3325-3338.