基于吸附式储冷技术的深井钻探设备冷却系统

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241388

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球常规油气资源的日益枯竭，人类对非常规油气资源的开发日益重视。深层油气，作为一类极具潜力的非常规油气资源，展现出广阔的开发前景。然而，当前超深井钻探技术尚不成熟，钻探过程中仍面临诸多挑战，尤其是钻探设备难以承受井下高温等技术瓶颈。吸附式储冷设备，以其体积小、储冷密度高、工作温度范围宽广及耐振动等特性，成为高温乃至超高温钻探作业中制冷与温度维持系统的优选方案。为了与钻探设备相匹配，设计了一种模块化的圆柱形吸附式储冷系统，该系统采用NaY型沸石分子筛-水作为工质对，吸附床长度设定为0.87 m。该系统能够在200℃的井下环境中，连续30 h维持钻探设备内部电子元件的温度在125℃以下，充分满足单次井下作业的需求，为耐高温钻探设备的设计提供了一种全新的思路。

关键词: 多孔介质, 吸附, 吸附剂, 非常规油气资源开发, 井下作业, 耐高温

Abstract:

With the gradual depletion of conventional oil and gas resources globally, mankind has started to focus on the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources. As a significant unconventional resource, deep oil and gas hold immense exploitation potential. However, at present, ultra-deep well drilling technology remains imperfect, and the process encounters technical challenges, such as drilling equipment's inability to endure the high temperatures of these wells. Adsorption-type cold storage equipment, characterized by its small size, high cold storage density, wide working temperature range, and vibration resistance, stands as an ideal solution for cooling and temperature maintenance in high and ultra-high temperature drilling operations. To complement the drilling equipment, a modular cylindrical adsorption cold storage system was designed. This system employs a NaY-type zeolite molecular sieve-water pair and features an adsorption bed length of 0.87 m. In a downhole environment of 200℃, the system can maintain the temperature of electronic components in the drilling equipment at 125℃ for 30 h, meeting the demands of a single downhole operation. This innovation offers a fresh perspective for the design of high-temperature-resistant drilling equipment.

Key words: porous media, adsorption, adsorbents, exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources, shaft operation, heat-resistant

中图分类号:

TE 242

吴梓航, 徐震原, 游锦方, 潘权稳, 王如竹. 基于吸附式储冷技术的深井钻探设备冷却系统[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 309-317.

Zihang WU, Zhenyuan XU, Jinfang YOU, Quanwen PAN, Ruzhu WANG. Cooling system for deep well drilling equipment based on adsorption cold storage technology[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 309-317.

图/表 12

图1 系统热力学模型

Fig.1 Thermodynamic modelling of the system

图2 制冷系统结构示意图

Fig.2 Schematic structure of the refrigeration system

图3 释冷状态示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of cold release state

图4 储冷再生状态示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of cold storage and regeneration state

表1 沸石物理性质

Table 1 Zeolite physical properties

沸石种类	BET比表面积/(m²/g)	平均孔容/(cm³/g)	平均孔径/nm
NaY粉末	951.50	0.37	1.54
NaY颗粒	673.42	0.31	1.82
13X颗粒	662.85	0.31	1.89
5A颗粒	556.95	0.24	1.70

表2 不同工质对的D-A方程系数

Table 2 D-A equation factor for different working pairs

工质对	$x_{0}$	$K$	$n$
NaY-水	0.314	5.89	2
5A-水	0.244	3.57	2
13X-水	0.331	2.99	2

表2 不同工质对的D-A方程系数

Table 2 D-A equation factor for different working pairs

工质对	$x_{0}$	$K$	$n$
NaY-水	0.314	5.89	2
5A-水	0.244	3.57	2
13X-水	0.331	2.99	2

表3 不同沸石的循环参数

Table 3 Circulation parameters for different zeolites

沸石分子筛	$x_{2}$	$x_{1}$	$Δ x$	单位质量制冷量/(J/g)
NaY	0.00836	0.255	0.246	539
5A	0.0271	0.215	0.188	411
13X	0.0525	0.298	0.245	536

表3 不同沸石的循环参数

Table 3 Circulation parameters for different zeolites

沸石分子筛	$x_{2}$	$x_{1}$	$Δ x$	单位质量制冷量/(J/g)
NaY	0.00836	0.255	0.246	539
5A	0.0271	0.215	0.188	411
13X	0.0525	0.298	0.245	536

图5 吸附床结构示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of adsorption bed structure

图6 吸附剂参数随解吸温度的变化趋势(P=5 W,T1 = 200℃)

Fig.6 Trend of adsorbent parameters with desorption temperature(P=5 W,T1 = 200℃)

图7 吸附剂参数随吸附温度的变化趋势(P=5 W,T2 = 250℃)

Fig.7 Trend of adsorbent parameters with adsorption temperature(P=5 W,T2 = 250℃)

图8 吸附剂参数随解吸温度的变化趋势(P=3 W,T1 = 200℃)

Fig.8 Trend of adsorbent parameters with desorption temperature(P=3 W,T1 = 200℃)

图9 吸附剂参数随吸附温度的变化趋势(P=3 W,T2 = 250℃)

Fig.9 Trend of adsorbent parameters with adsorption temperature(P=3 W,T2 = 250℃)

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