不同节流工质下叠层微通道分布式节流制冷器性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250135

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (8): 4017-4029.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250135

不同节流工质下叠层微通道分布式节流制冷器性能研究

佘海龙¹^,²(), 胡光忠¹(), 崔晓钰³, 柳忠彬¹, 彭帝¹, 李航¹

^1.四川轻化工大学机械工程学院，四川宜宾 644000
^2.过程装备与控制工程四川省高校重点实验室，四川宜宾 644000
^3.上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院，上海 200093

收稿日期:2025-02-14 修回日期:2025-03-16 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-17
通讯作者: 胡光忠
作者简介:佘海龙（1993—），男，博士，讲师，804777808@qq.com
基金资助:
过程装备与控制工程四川省高校重点实验室开放基金项目(GK202304);四川轻化工大学科研创新团队计划项目(SUSE652A010);四川轻化工大学科研创新团队计划项目(SUSE652A004)

Performance study on layered microchannel distributed throttling cryocooler with different working fluids

Hailong SHE¹^,²(), Guangzhong HU¹(), Xiaoyu CUI³, Zhongbin LIU¹, Di PENG¹, Hang LI¹

^1.College of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China
^2.Sichuan Provincial Key Lab of Process Equipment and Control, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China
^3.College of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

Received:2025-02-14 Revised:2025-03-16 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-17
Contact: Guangzhong HU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前微通道节流制冷器通道数量少、制冷量小的特点，研究开发了一款多层、多流道并行印刷电路板式微通道节流制冷器。该制冷器内不同截面尺寸的微槽道相搭配以实现不同功能，在当量直径为0.46 mm的换热通道内回热预冷，在当量直径0.12 mm的节流通道内分布式节流降温与回热预冷耦合。以氩气为工质，分析2.01~8.02 MPa不同入口压力下制冷器的制冷性能。结果表明，各工况下，回热装置换热较充分，分布式节流部件具有显著的降温能力。当入口压力为8.02 MPa时，可达到158.5 K的最低温度，回热段与节流段温降梯度分别达到0.79和1.04 K/mm；当入口压力为6.00 MPa时，冷端温度为196.7 K，并伴随有2.73 W的寄生制冷量；在219.8 K的冷端温度下具有6.08 W的总制冷量，相较于相似特征尺寸的节流制冷器，有了显著提高。对比氩气和氮气在微通道节流制冷器中的实验结果，氩气所能达到的冷端温度总是低于相似工况下的氮气；但在相同出口压力下，氮气具有达到更低极限温度的潜力。另外，通过J-T效应分析分布式节流的运行特征，换热与J-T效应的耦合作用，热力和传热过程有不同规律，相较于绝热节流，节流过程系统完成度更高，J-T效率增加，可以缓解节流前预冷机构的换热压力。

关键词: 微通道, 节流制冷, Joule-Thomson效应, 传热, 流体动力学

Abstract:

Considering the small number of channels and low cooling capacity of current microchannel throttling cryocoolers, a multi-layer, multi-channel parallel printed circuit board microchannel throttling cryocooler is designed. The channel structure of the cryocooler is a combination of microchannels with different cross-sectional sizes to achieve different functions. It is used for reheating and pre cooling in a heat exchange channel with an equivalent diameter of 0.46 mm, and distributed throttling cooling and regenerative pre cooling coupling within a throttling channel with an equivalent diameter of 0.12 mm. Analyze the refrigeration performance of the cryocooler under different inlet pressures of 2.01—8.02 MPa using Ar as the working fluid. The results show that under various operating conditions, the heat exchange of the heat recovery device is relatively sufficient, and the distributed throttling components have significant cooling ability. When the inlet pressure of Ar gas is 8.02 MPa, the lowest temperature of 158.5 K can be reached, and the temperature gradient of the pre cooling section and throttling section reaches 0.79 and 1.04 K/mm, respectively. When the inlet pressure of Ar is 6.00 MPa, the cold end temperature is 196.7 K, accompanied by a parasitic cooling capacity of 2.73 W. At a cold end temperature of 219.8 K, it has a total cooling capacity of 6.08 W, which is significantly improved compared to similarly sized throttling cryocooler. Comparing the experimental results of Ar and N₂ in microchannel throttling cryocooler, the cold end temperature that Ar can reach is always lower than that of N₂ under similar operating conditions. But at the same outlet pressure, N₂ has the potential to reach a lower limit temperature. In addition, the operating characteristics of distributed throttling are analyzed through the J-T effect. The coupling effect of heat exchange and J-T effect shows that the thermal and heat transfer processes have different rules. Compared with adiabatic throttling, the throttling process has a higher system completion degree and increased J-T efficiency, which can alleviate the heat exchange pressure of the pre-cooling mechanism before throttling.

Key words: microchannels, throttling refrigeration, Joule-Thomson effect, heat transfer, hydrodynamics

中图分类号:

TB 61⁺1

佘海龙, 胡光忠, 崔晓钰, 柳忠彬, 彭帝, 李航. 不同节流工质下叠层微通道分布式节流制冷器性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(8): 4017-4029.

Hailong SHE, Guangzhong HU, Xiaoyu CUI, Zhongbin LIU, Di PENG, Hang LI. Performance study on layered microchannel distributed throttling cryocooler with different working fluids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(8): 4017-4029.

图/表 22

图1 节流制冷原理示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of throttling refrigeration

图2 节流制冷T-S图

Fig.2 T-S diagram of throttling refrigeration

图3 微通道节流制冷器实物图像

Fig.3 Physical picture of microchannel throttling cryocooler

图4 微通道节流制冷器结构示意图

Fig.4 Structure of microchannel throttling cryocooler

表1 微通道节流制冷器结构参数

Table 1 Structural parameters of microchannel throttling cryocooler

位置	尺寸
入/出口段	10 mm
高压回热段	0.55 mm × 0.40 mm × 105 mm
高压节流段	0.15 mm × 0.10 mm × 40 mm
低压回热段	0.55 mm × 0.40 mm × 145 mm
膨胀腔	10 mm, 150°
整体长度	165 mm

图5 气体转回温度

Fig.5 Rotation temperature of gases

图6 各气体J-T系数随压力、温度的变化

Fig.6 Relationship between J-T coefficients of various gases and changes in pressure and temperature

图7 实验系统示意图

Fig.7 Experimental system

图8 温度测点布置示意图

Fig.8 Layout of temperature measuring points

表2 测量仪器精度及量程

Table 2 Accuracy and range of instruments

测量设备	精度	量程
入/出口热电偶(T1/T9)	± 0.5 K	73~573 K
T型热电偶(T2~T8)	± 0.2 K	113~373 K
入口压力传感器	± 0.5%	0~10 MPa
出口压力传感器	± 0.5%	0~1.5 MPa
质量流量计	± 1.0%	0~300 SLPM

图9 各测点温度时序

Fig.9 Temperature of measuring point versus time

图10 流量及出口压力时序

Fig.10 Mass flow and outlet pressure versus time

图11 各测点沿长度方向温度分布

Fig.11 Temperature distribution of each measuring point along the length

图12 不同热负载下各测点稳定温度分布

Fig.12 Stable temperature distribution at each measuring point under different loads

图13 热负载对冷端温度和质量流量的影响

Fig.13 The effect of loads on cold end temperature and mass flow

图14 不同热负载下制冷量（Ph,in=6.00 MPa）

Fig.14 Cooling capacity under different loads

图15 N2和Ar冷端温度时序

Fig.15 The cold end Temperature of N2 and Ar versus time

图16 不同压力下Ar与N2稳定冷端温度对比

Fig.16 Comparison of stable cold end temperatures of Ar and N2 under different pressures

图17 N2与Ar的J-T系数对比

Fig.17 Comparison of J-T coefficients between N2 and Ar

图18 N2与Ar的饱和参数对比

Fig.18 Comparison of saturation Parameters between N2 and Ar

图19 不同节流过程中J-T系数随温度、压力的变化

Fig.19 J-T coefficient varies with temperature and pressure during different throttling processes

图20 J-T系数随温度、压力的变化

Fig.20 J-T coefficient varies with temperature and pressure

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不同节流工质下叠层微通道分布式节流制冷器性能研究

Performance study on layered microchannel distributed throttling cryocooler with different working fluids

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