窗式空调器轴流风机的风速非均匀分布特性及其对冷凝器流路优化设计的影响规律

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241268

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

窗式空调器室外侧的轴流风机产生的风速分布不均匀会导致冷凝器内制冷剂分布不均，从而恶化换热性能，需分析风速分布特性并调整流路设计与之相匹配。以窗式空调器冷凝器为研究对象，建立了轴流风机非均匀风场的数值模型，对非均匀风速分布进行了三维数值模拟。将风速仿真结果离散为18×10的网格分布，作为边界条件代入CoilDesigner软件中分析风速分布对冷凝器性能的影响，实验验证模型的换热量偏差小于2%。仿真结果表明，风速分布的不均匀性随风机转速的增大而增大，转速从1200 r/min增至2000 r/min时，风速的极差与方差分别增加了1.95 m/s与0.460 m²/s²。通过分析非均匀风速分布对冷凝器换热性能的影响，发现冷凝器在轴流风场的中心静区传热系数较小而在底部加速区传热系数较大，在流路设计过程中需要增大布置在中心静区的支路换热面积，使不同支路热负荷相当，并用制冷剂流量较大的管路匹配传热系数更大的底部加速区。最后，设计并仿真了20种流路布置方案来探究轴流风机非均匀风速分布下管路配置对冷凝器性能的影响规律。与原流路相比，延长中心静区管长，并将汇合段置于底部加速区，支路汇合点置于背风侧，换热量可以提升1.8%，压降可以降低26.1%。

关键词: 窗式空调器, 非均匀风速, 传热, 优化设计, 数值模拟

Abstract:

The non-uniform distribution of wind velocity generated by the axial fan on the outside of the window air conditioner will lead to non-uniform distribution of refrigerant in the condenser and thus deteriorate the heat transfer performance, so it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the wind velocity distribution and adjust the design of the flow path to match with it, so as to realize the performance improvement of the condenser. This paper takes the window air conditioner condenser as the research object, establishes the numerical model of non-uniform wind velocity contour of axia fan, and carries out three-dimensional numerical simulation of non-uniform wind velocity distribution. The wind velocity simulation results are discretized into a grid distribution of 18×10 and substituted as boundary conditions into CoilDesigner software to analyze the effect of the axial blowing wind velocity distribution on the performance of the condenser, and the accuracy of the model is verified by experiments, and the deviation of the model's heat exchanger calculation results is less than 2%. The simulation results show that the non-uniformity of the wind velocity distribution increases with the increase of the fan speed, and when the speed is increased from 1200 r/min to 2000 r/min, the extreme deviation and variance of the wind velocity increase by 1.95 m/s and 0.460 m²/s², respectively; furthermore, the effect of the non-uniform wind velocity distribution on the heat exchange performance of the condenser is analyzed, and it is found that the heat exchange coefficient of the condenser in the central static zone of the axial wind contour is smaller while in the bottom accelerated zone, the heat exchange coefficient is smaller than in the bottom accelerated zone. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient of the condenser in the center static zone of the axial wind field is small and the heat transfer coefficient in the bottom accelerated zone is large, and in the process of flow path design, it is necessary to increase the heat transfer area of the branch arranged in the center static zone, so as to make the heat load of the different branches equal, and to match the bottom accelerated zone with the pipeline of the refrigerant flow rate that is large to have a larger heat transfer coefficient, so as to enhance the performance of condenser. Finally, 20 flow path arrangement schemes are designed and simulated to investigate the influence of piping configuration on condenser performance under the non-uniform wind velocity distribution of axial fan, and the simulation results show that, compared with the original flow path, extending the length of the center static zone pipe, placing the convergence section in the bottom acceleration zone, and placing the convergence point of the branch in the leeward side, the heat exchange capacity can be increased by 1.8%, and the pressure drop can be reduced by 26.1%.

Key words: window air conditioner, non-uniform wind velocity, heat transfer, optimal design, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK 124

汪思远, 刘国强, 熊通, 晏刚. 窗式空调器轴流风机的风速非均匀分布特性及其对冷凝器流路优化设计的影响规律[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 205-216.

Siyuan WANG, Guoqiang LIU, Tong XIONG, Gang YAN. Characteristics of non-uniform wind velocity distribution in window air conditioner axial fans and their impact on optimizing condenser circuit optimization[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 205-216.

图/表 17

表1 风场仿真设计参数

Table 1 Parameters of wind velocity

参数	数值
轴流风机直径/mm	320
旋转区域直径/mm	322
旋转区域厚度/mm	9
多孔介质尺寸（长×宽×高）/mm	400×53.5×380
流场入口区域长度/mm	1920
流场出口区域长度/mm	70

图1 计算区域示意图1—入口边界;2—流场入口区域;3—旋转区域;4—流场隔断;5—流场出口区域;6—多孔介质冷凝器区域;7—出口边界

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the calculation area

图2 冷凝器局部翅片模型

Fig.2 Condenser local fin model

表2 局部冷凝器翅片结构参数

Table 2 Structural parameters of local condenser fins

参数	数值
翅片数	10
翅片厚度/mm	0.095
翅片间距/mm	1.3
管水平间距/mm	19
管竖直间距/mm	14.5
管外径/mm	5

图3 多孔介质单位厚度压降随速度变化曲线

Fig.3 Pressure drop per unit thickness versus velocity curves for porous media

图4 网格无关性验证

Fig.4 Grid-independent validation

表3 冷凝器规格参数

Table 3 Dimensions and structural parameters of the condenser

项目	参数
管路材料	铜
翅片材料	铝
管路排列方式	叉排
管类型	光管
管外径/mm	5
管壁厚度/mm	0.45
水平管间距/mm	19
竖直管间距/mm	14.5
管排数	3
每排管数	18
管长/m	0.4
翅片类型	平直翅片
翅片间距/mm	1.3
翅片厚度/mm	0.095

图5 冷凝器入口边界单元平均风速云图

Fig.5 Cell-averaged wind velocity contour at the entrance boundary

图6 仿真结果验证

Fig.6 Verification of simulation results

图7 不同风机转速下风速分布云图

Fig.7 Contours of the wind velocity at different turbine speeds

图8 不同转速下风速均匀性分析

Fig.8 Analysis of wind velocity uniformity at different turbine speeds

图9 逐管平均风速与面平均风速对比

Fig.9 Comparison of tube-by-tube average wind velocity and surface average wind velocity

图10 冷凝器风速分区

Fig.10 Condenser wind velocity partitioning

图11 均匀与非均匀风速的换热量与压降对比

Fig.11 Comparison of heat transfer and pressure drop for uniform and non-uniform wind velocity

图12 均匀与非均匀风速下管间性能对比

Fig.12 Comparison of tube-by-tube performance at uniform and non-uniform wind velocity

图13 各流路布置方案性能对比

Fig.13 Performance comparison of various circuitry arrangement schemes

图14 流路布置方案

Fig.14 Circuitry arrangement scheme

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