纯电动车集成热管理系统性能的热力学分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201487

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纯电动车集成热管理（ITM）系统能有效提高车辆的能量利用效率，然而兼顾电池、客舱热需求的集成热管理系统结构复杂，针对ITM系统的串联和并联两种构成形式，基于AMESim软件搭建系统仿真模型，从热力学的能量和角度比较分析两种系统的性能。结果表明：串联系统的性能系数和效率均明显高于并联系统，制冷模式下，分别平均高7.6%、23.6%；热泵模式下，分别平均高13%、7.6%。随着压缩机转速的增大，两种系统的部件总损失均明显增大，压缩机和室外换热器的损失成为主要损失，此外在并联系统中电子膨胀阀的损失占比较大。

关键词: 纯电动汽车, 集成热管理, 损失, 锂离子电池, 空调

Abstract:

The pure electric vehicle integrated thermal management (ITM) system could effectively improve the energy efficiency of vehicles. However, the structure of the ITM system considering the thermal requirements of battery and cabin is complex. Aiming at the series and parallel configuration of the ITM system, the system simulation model is built based on AMESim software, and the performance of the two ITM systems is compared and analyzed from the perspective of thermodynamic energy and exergy analysis. The results show that: the coefficient of performance and exergy efficiency of the series system are significantly higher than those of the parallel system, with an average increase of 7.6% and 23.6% in the refrigeration mode and 13% and 7.6% in the heat pump mode, respectively. With the increase of compressor speed, the total exergy loss of components in the two systems increases significantly. The exergy loss of compressor and outdoor heat exchanger became the main exergy loss. In addition, the exergy loss of electronic expansion valve accounts for a large proportion in the parallel system.

Key words: pure electric vehicle, integrated thermal management, exergy loss, lithium-ion battery, air conditioning

中图分类号:

TB 69

梁坤峰, 王莫然, 高美洁, 吕振伟, 徐红玉, 董彬, 高凤玲. 纯电动车集成热管理系统性能的热力学分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 494-502.

LIANG Kunfeng, WANG Moran, GAO Meijie, LYU Zhenwei, XU Hongyu, DONG Bin, GAO Fengling. Thermodynamic analysis of performance of integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicle[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 494-502.

图/表 11

图1 ITM系统

Fig.1 ITM systems

图2 AMESim中ITM系统

Fig.2 ITM system diagram in AMESim

表1 空调系统参数

Table 1 Parameters of air conditioning system

参数	数值
压缩机
排量	27 ml/r
转速	1500~6000 r/min
舱外换热器
尺寸	425 mm×310 mm×20 mm
流程	12 8 7 5
空气迎风面积	136000 mm²
制冷剂对流换热面积	582857 mm²
舱内换热器
尺寸	284 mm×248 mm×47 mm
流程	9 9 9
空气迎风面积	70308 mm²
制冷剂对流换热面积	200880 mm²
总风量	650 kg/h
新风量	67.2 kg/h

表2 电池及车辆参数

Table 2 Parameters of battery and vehicle

参数	数值
电池单体
尺寸	189 mm×127 mm×9.4 mm
额定电压	3.6 V
额定容量	20 A·h
密度	2212 kg/m³
比热容	1770 J/(kg·K)
车辆
太阳辐射	1000/0 W/m²
太阳辐射吸收率	0.75
容积	3 m³
热容	7 kJ/K
外部换热面积	8 m²
质量	1400 kg
电池换热器
铝板尺寸	340 mm×390 mm×15 mm

图3 系统COP随压缩机转速的变化

Fig.3 Variation of system COP with compressor speed

图4 热泵模式压缩机进出口温度、压力随转速的变化（1 bar=105 Pa）

Fig.4 Variation of inlet and outlet temperature and pressure of compressor with compressor speed in heat pump mode

图5 制冷模式压缩机进出口温度、压力随转速的变化

Fig.5 Variation of inlet and outlet temperature and pressure of compressor with compressor speed in refrigeration mode

图6 系统的压力损失

Fig.6 Pressure loss of systems

表3 系统效率

Table 3 System exergy efficiency

压缩机转速/ (r/min)	效率/%
压缩机转速/ (r/min)	制冷，A	制冷，B	制热，A	制热，B
2000	23.18	28.71	38.92	42.45
3000	23.80	29.49	37.18	40.22
4000	22.38	27.98	34.88	37.65
5000	21.07	26.11	32.80	33.86
6000	20.18	24.42	30.73	33.68

图7 制冷模式系统各部件损率

Fig.7 Exergy loss rate of system components in refrigeration mode

图8 热泵模式系统各部件损率

Fig.8 Exergy loss rate of system components in heat pump mode

参考文献 29

1	Feng X N, Ouyang M G, Liu X, et al. Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: a review [J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2018, 10: 246-267.
2	Ren D S, Hsu H, Li R H, et al. A comparative investigation of aging effects on thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion batteries [J]. eTransportation, 2019, 2: 100034.
3	Cen J W, Jiang F M. Li-ion power battery temperature control by a battery thermal management and vehicle cabin air conditioning integrated system [J]. Energy for Sustainable Development, 2020, 57: 141-148.
4	Lei Z G, Zhang Y W, Lei X G. Improving temperature uniformity of a lithium-ion battery by intermittent heating method in cold climate [J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 121: 275-281.
5	梁坤峰, 米国强, 徐红玉, 等. 动力电池冷热双向循环热管理系统性能分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(14): 114-120.
	Liang K F, Mi G Q, Xu H Y, et al. Performance analysis of power battery cooling or heating two-way cycling thermal management system [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(14): 114-120.
6	Liaw B Y, Roth E P, Jungst R G, et al. Correlation of Arrhenius behaviors in power and capacity fades with cell impedance and heat generation in cylindrical lithium-ion cells [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2003, 119/120/121: 874-886.
7	Al-Zareer M, Dincer I, Rosen M A. Novel thermal management system using boiling cooling for high-powered lithium-ion battery packs for hybrid electric vehicles [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 363: 291-303.
8	Smith J, Hinterberger M, Schneider C, et al. Energy savings and increased electric vehicle range through improved battery thermal management [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 101: 647-656.
9	Zhang T S, Gao Q, Wang G H, et al. Investigation on the promotion of temperature uniformity for the designed battery pack with liquid flow in cooling process [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 116: 655-662.
10	Yang Y, Yang L J, Du X Z, et al. Pre-cooling of air by water spray evaporation to improve thermal performance of lithium battery pack [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 163: 114401.
11	Qian Z, Li Y M, Rao Z H. Thermal performance of lithium-ion battery thermal management system by using mini-channel cooling [J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 126: 622-631.
12	Rao Z H, Wang Q C, Huang C L. Investigation of the thermal performance of phase change material/mini-channel coupled battery thermal management system [J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 164: 659-669.
13	Huang R, Li Z, Hong W H, et al. Experimental and numerical study of PCM thermophysical parameters on lithium-ion battery thermal management [J]. Energy Reports, 2020, 6: 8-19.
14	Liang J L, Gan Y H, Li Y, et al. Thermal and electrochemical performance of a serially connected battery module using a heat pipe-based thermal management system under different coolant temperatures [J]. Energy, 2019, 189: 116233.
15	Tian Z, Gu B. Analyses of an integrated thermal management system for electric vehicles [J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2019, 43(11): 5788-5802.
16	Tian Z, Gan W, Zhang X L, et al. Investigation on an integrated thermal management system with battery cooling and motor waste heat recovery for electric vehicle [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 136: 16-27.
17	Tian Z, Gu B, Gao W Z, et al. Performance evaluation of an electric vehicle thermal management system with waste heat recovery [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 169: 114976.
18	Hamut H S, Dincer I, Naterer G F. Exergoenvironmental analysis of hybrid electric vehicle thermal management systems [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, 67: 187-196.
19	何贤, 邓冬, 苏健, 等. 8 kW车载动力电池直冷系统试验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2019, 40(2): 20-27.
	He X, Deng D, Su J, et al. Experimental research on an 8 kW direct cooling unit for power battery used in a vehicle [J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2019, 40(2): 20-27.
20	张桂英. 纯电动汽车一体式热管理及节能技术研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2017.
	Zhang G Y. Research on integrated thermal management and energy-saving technology for electric vehicle [D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017.
21	申明, 高青, 王炎, 等. 电动汽车电池热管理系统设计与分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(7): 1398-1406, 1430.
	Shen M, Gao Q, Wang Y, et al. Design and analysis of battery thermal management system for electric vehicle [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(7): 1398-1406, 1430.
22	Cen J W, Li Z B, Jiang F M. Experimental investigation on using the electric vehicle air conditioning system for lithium-ion battery thermal management [J]. Energy for Sustainable Development, 2018, 45: 88-95.
23	Shen M, Gao Q. System simulation on refrigerant-based battery thermal management technology for electric vehicles [J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 203: 112176.
24	Han X X, Zou H M, Tian C Q, et al. Numerical study on the heating performance of a novel integrated thermal management system for the electric bus [J]. Energy, 2019, 186: 115812.
25	Thomas K E, Newman J. Heats of mixing and of entropy in porous insertion electrodes [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2003, 119/120/121: 844-849.
26	Fayazbakhsh M A, Bahrami M. Comprehensive modeling of vehicle air conditioning loads using heat balance method [C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2013.
27	Torregrosa-Jaime B, Bjurling F, Corberán J M, et al. Transient thermal model of a vehicle's cabin validated under variable ambient conditions [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 75: 45-53.
28	Zhang K X, Li M, Yang C H, et al. Exergy analysis of electric vehicle heat pump air conditioning system with battery thermal management system [J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2020, 29(2): 408-422.
29	Chen J Y, Havtun H, Palm B. Conventional and advanced exergy analysis of an ejector refrigeration system [J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 144: 139-151.

编辑推荐

Metrics

阅读次数

全文

298

HTML			PDF

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版	最新录用	在线预览	正式出版
0	0	6	0	0	292

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	170	128
比例	57%	43%

摘要

[1]	康飞, 吕伟光, 巨锋, 孙峙. 废锂离子电池放电路径与评价研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3903-3911.
[2]	葛加丽, 管图祥, 邱新民, 吴健, 沈丽明, 暴宁钟. 垂直多孔碳包覆的FeF₃正极的构筑及储锂性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 3058-3067.
[3]	王志龙, 杨烨, 赵真真, 田涛, 赵桐, 崔亚辉. 搅拌时间和混合顺序对锂离子电池正极浆料分散特性的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 3127-3138.
[4]	李靖, 沈聪浩, 郭大亮, 李静, 沙力争, 童欣. 木质素基碳纤维复合材料在储能元件中的应用研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2322-2334.
[5]	肖忠良, 尹碧露, 宋刘斌, 匡尹杰, 赵亭亭, 刘成, 袁荣耀. 废旧锂离子电池回收工艺研究进展及其安全风险分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(4): 1446-1456.
[6]	杜江龙, 杨雯棋, 黄凯, 练成, 刘洪来. 复合相变材料/空冷复合式锂离子电池模块散热性能[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(2): 674-689.
[7]	程伟江, 汪何琦, 高翔, 李娜, 马赛男. 锂离子电池硅基负极电解液成膜添加剂的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(2): 571-584.
[8]	高学金, 程琨, 韩华云, 高慧慧, 齐咏生. 基于中心损失的条件生成式对抗网络的冷水机组故障诊断[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 3950-3962.
[9]	钟磊, 邱学青, 张文礼. 木质素衍生炭在碱金属离子电池负极中的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(8): 3369-3380.
[10]	孙哲, 金华强, 李康, 顾江萍, 黄跃进, 沈希. 基于知识数据化表达的制冷空调系统故障诊断方法[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(7): 3131-3144.
[11]	胡华坤, 薛文东, 霍思达, 李勇, 蒋朋. 锂离子电池电解液SEI成膜添加剂的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(4): 1436-1454.
[12]	杨田雨, 葛天舒. 干燥剂吸附等温曲线对除湿换热器除湿性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5367-5375.
[13]	杨伟, 王昱杰, 方凯斌, 邹汉波, 陈胜洲, 刘自力. Co-Mn比例调控对LiNi_0.8Co_0.10-_y Mn_0.05+_y Al_0.05O₂材料性能影响探究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5615-5624.
[14]	王朋朋, 贾洋刚, 邵霞, 程婕, 冒爱琴, 檀杰, 方道来. K⁺掺杂尖晶石型（Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2）₃O₄高熵氧化物负极材料制备与储锂性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5625-5637.
[15]	贾理男, 杜一博, 郭邦军, 张希. 基于硫化物电解质的全固态锂离子电池负极研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5289-5304.