纯电动车集成热管理系统性能的热力学分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201487

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纯电动车集成热管理（ITM）系统能有效提高车辆的能量利用效率，然而兼顾电池、客舱热需求的集成热管理系统结构复杂，针对ITM系统的串联和并联两种构成形式，基于AMESim软件搭建系统仿真模型，从热力学的能量和角度比较分析两种系统的性能。结果表明：串联系统的性能系数和效率均明显高于并联系统，制冷模式下，分别平均高7.6%、23.6%；热泵模式下，分别平均高13%、7.6%。随着压缩机转速的增大，两种系统的部件总损失均明显增大，压缩机和室外换热器的损失成为主要损失，此外在并联系统中电子膨胀阀的损失占比较大。

关键词: 纯电动汽车, 集成热管理, 损失, 锂离子电池, 空调

Abstract:

The pure electric vehicle integrated thermal management (ITM) system could effectively improve the energy efficiency of vehicles. However, the structure of the ITM system considering the thermal requirements of battery and cabin is complex. Aiming at the series and parallel configuration of the ITM system, the system simulation model is built based on AMESim software, and the performance of the two ITM systems is compared and analyzed from the perspective of thermodynamic energy and exergy analysis. The results show that: the coefficient of performance and exergy efficiency of the series system are significantly higher than those of the parallel system, with an average increase of 7.6% and 23.6% in the refrigeration mode and 13% and 7.6% in the heat pump mode, respectively. With the increase of compressor speed, the total exergy loss of components in the two systems increases significantly. The exergy loss of compressor and outdoor heat exchanger became the main exergy loss. In addition, the exergy loss of electronic expansion valve accounts for a large proportion in the parallel system.

Key words: pure electric vehicle, integrated thermal management, exergy loss, lithium-ion battery, air conditioning

中图分类号:

TB 69

梁坤峰, 王莫然, 高美洁, 吕振伟, 徐红玉, 董彬, 高凤玲. 纯电动车集成热管理系统性能的热力学分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 494-502.

LIANG Kunfeng, WANG Moran, GAO Meijie, LYU Zhenwei, XU Hongyu, DONG Bin, GAO Fengling. Thermodynamic analysis of performance of integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicle[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 494-502.

图/表 11

图1 ITM系统

Fig.1 ITM systems

图2 AMESim中ITM系统

Fig.2 ITM system diagram in AMESim

表1 空调系统参数

Table 1 Parameters of air conditioning system

参数	数值
压缩机
排量	27 ml/r
转速	1500~6000 r/min
舱外换热器
尺寸	425 mm×310 mm×20 mm
流程	12 8 7 5
空气迎风面积	136000 mm²
制冷剂对流换热面积	582857 mm²
舱内换热器
尺寸	284 mm×248 mm×47 mm
流程	9 9 9
空气迎风面积	70308 mm²
制冷剂对流换热面积	200880 mm²
总风量	650 kg/h
新风量	67.2 kg/h

表2 电池及车辆参数

Table 2 Parameters of battery and vehicle

参数	数值
电池单体
尺寸	189 mm×127 mm×9.4 mm
额定电压	3.6 V
额定容量	20 A·h
密度	2212 kg/m³
比热容	1770 J/(kg·K)
车辆
太阳辐射	1000/0 W/m²
太阳辐射吸收率	0.75
容积	3 m³
热容	7 kJ/K
外部换热面积	8 m²
质量	1400 kg
电池换热器
铝板尺寸	340 mm×390 mm×15 mm

图3 系统COP随压缩机转速的变化

Fig.3 Variation of system COP with compressor speed

图4 热泵模式压缩机进出口温度、压力随转速的变化（1 bar=105 Pa）

Fig.4 Variation of inlet and outlet temperature and pressure of compressor with compressor speed in heat pump mode

图5 制冷模式压缩机进出口温度、压力随转速的变化

Fig.5 Variation of inlet and outlet temperature and pressure of compressor with compressor speed in refrigeration mode

图6 系统的压力损失

Fig.6 Pressure loss of systems

表3 系统效率

Table 3 System exergy efficiency

压缩机转速/ (r/min)	效率/%
压缩机转速/ (r/min)	制冷，A	制冷，B	制热，A	制热，B
2000	23.18	28.71	38.92	42.45
3000	23.80	29.49	37.18	40.22
4000	22.38	27.98	34.88	37.65
5000	21.07	26.11	32.80	33.86
6000	20.18	24.42	30.73	33.68

图7 制冷模式系统各部件损率

Fig.7 Exergy loss rate of system components in refrigeration mode

图8 热泵模式系统各部件损率

Fig.8 Exergy loss rate of system components in heat pump mode

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