液氢储罐中耦合蒸气冷却屏的连续变密度多层绝热的序列二次规划优化

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240907

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步优化应用于液氢存储的多层绝热结构的绝热性能，提出采用序列二次规划算法对耦合蒸气冷却屏（VCS）的连续变密度多层绝热辐射屏间距进行优化。研究了蒸气冷却屏位置、蒸气冷却屏内仲正转化以及蒸气冷却屏数量对最优辐射屏间距分布以及绝热性能的影响。结果表明：蒸气冷却屏的引入使多层绝热最优辐射屏间距分布在蒸气冷却屏设置处出现突变，优化后漏热热通量q_in相比于优化前下降幅度最大可达到36.1%；引入仲正转化的条件下优化可使q_in的下降幅度最大达到28.3%；VCS数量的增加使最内层辐射屏间距显著减小，当蒸气冷却屏数量增加到2时，最小q_in相比于单蒸气冷却屏下降50.4%。

关键词: 氢, 传热, 优化, 真空多层绝热, 蒸气冷却屏, 仲正转化

Abstract:

To further optimize the insulation performance of multi-layer insulation structures applied to liquid hydrogen storage, a sequential quadratic programming algorithm was proposed to optimize the radiation shield spacing of continuous variable density multi-layer insulation coupled with vapor cooled shield (VCS). The effects of the position of the VCS, the quasi-positive transformation within the VCS and the number of VCSs on the optimal radiant screen spacing distribution and adiabatic performance were studied. The results show that the introduction of VCS causes a sudden change in the optimal spacing distribution of radiation shields at the location where the VCS is set, and the heat leakage flux density q_in after optimization can decrease by up to 36.1% compared with that before optimization. Under condition that the optimization is adopted, the introduction of para-to-ortho hydrogen conversion can achieve a maximum decrease of 28.3% in q_in. The increase in the number of VCS significantly reduces the spacing between the innermost radiation shields. When the number of VCS is increased to 2, the minimum q_in decreases by 50.4% compared to the single VCS.

Key words: hydrogen, heat transfer, optimization, vacuum multi-layer insulation, vapor cooled shield, para-to-ortho conversion

中图分类号:

TB 657

李科, 忻碧平, 文键. 液氢储罐中耦合蒸气冷却屏的连续变密度多层绝热的序列二次规划优化[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(3): 985-994.

Ke LI, Biping XIN, Jian WEN. Sequential quadratic programming optimization of continuous variable density multi-layer insulation coupled with vapor cooled shield in liquid hydrogen storage tank[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(3): 985-994.

图/表 11

图1 耦合蒸气冷却屏的多层绝热传热模型

Fig.1 The heat transfer model for multi-layer insulation coupled with vapor cooled shield

图2 多层绝热的序列二次规划优化流程

Fig.2 Optimization flowchart of sequential quadratic programming for multi-layer insulation

图3 多层绝热传热模型验证

Fig.3 Validation of multi-layer insulation heat transfer model

表1 多层绝热结构的屏间距参数［8］

Table 1 Screen spacing parameters of multi-layer insulation structure［8］

区域	取值
低密度区	每厘米设置8层辐射屏，共1.25 cm
中密度区	每厘米设置12层辐射屏，共1.25 cm
高密度区	每厘米设置16层辐射屏，共1.25 cm
填充物总层数	45

图4 VCS所在辐射屏编号的影响

Fig.4 Effect of serial number of radiation shield where vapor cooled shield is located

图5 采用单VCS时的最佳辐射屏屏间距分布

Fig.5 Optimized distribution of radiation shield spacing when single vapor cooled shield is adopted

图6 仲正转化对最优屏间距分布的影响

Fig.6 Influence of para-to-ortho conversion on optimal shield spacing distribution

图7 VCS在不同位置时仲正转化对优化结果的影响

Fig.7 Influence of para-to-ortho conversion on optimization results when vapor cooled shield is set at different position

图8 VCS1和VCS2对最优辐射屏间距分布以及热通量的影响

Fig.8 Influence of VCS1 and VCS2 on the optimal spacing distribution of radiation shields and heat flux density

图9 单VCS与双VCS的最优屏间距对比

Fig.9 Comparison of optimal shield spacing between single VCS and double VCSs

图10 双VCS所在辐射屏编号与漏热热通量qin的关系

Fig.10 The relationship between the radiation shield number and heat flux density where double VCS is located

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