低GWP工质高温热泵系统应用研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241205

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工业加热场合范围广、需热量大，使用燃气锅炉或电锅炉时碳排放量大。高温热泵对于电-热高效转化、助力节能减碳可以发挥重要作用，热泵工质对系统性能影响重大。选取低GWP工质R600、R601、R601a、R1224yd(Z)、R1233zd(E)、R1234ze(Z)、R1336mzz(Z)，以R245fa为参照物，建立了单级回热高温热泵模型，基于系统最小过热度理论，从安全、能效、环境影响和经济性方面进行对比。结果表明：在蒸发温度50℃、冷凝温度80~130℃时，R601、R601a和R1233zd(E)相较于R245fa优势明显；当冷凝温度为130℃时，与R245fa相比，R601、R601a、R1233zd(E)的性能系数（COP）分别提升12.39%、11.04%、11.16%，㶲效率分别提升10.29%、9.20%、9.29%，综合温室效应值（TEWI）分别降低11.39%、10.32%、10.41%，环境收益分别提升46.12%、41.61%、42.01%。

关键词: 高温热泵, GWP, 最小过热度, 性能分析, 模拟, 熵, ?

Abstract:

Industrial heating has a wide range of applications and requires a large amount of heat, resulting in high carbon emissions when using gas or electric boilers. High temperature heat pumps play an important role in efficient electricity-heat conversion and energy conservation and carbon reduction. The refrigerant has significant impact on the system performance. Low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant R600, R601, R601a, R1224yd(Z), R1233zd(E), R1234ze(Z) and R1336mzz(Z) were selected and compared with R245fa. A single-stage heat recovery high temperature heat pump model was established. Based on the system minimum superheat theory, it was compared in terms of safety, energy efficiency, environmental impact and economy. The results show that: with the evaporation temperature is 50℃ and the condensation temperature is 80—130℃, R601, R601a and R1233zd(E) have significant advantages over R245fa. With the condensation temperature is 130℃, coefficient of performance (COP) of R601, R601a and R1233zd(E) is 12.39%, 11.04% and 11.16%, respectively, higher than that of R245fa. While exergy efficiency increased by 10.29%, 9.20%, 9.29% respectively. The total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) decreased by 11.39%, 10.32%, 10.41% respectively. The environmental benefits increased by 46.12%, 41.61% and 42.01% respectively.

Key words: high temperature heat pump, GWP, minimum superheat, performance analysis, simulation, entropy, exergy

中图分类号:

TK 11⁺5

何永宁, 曹文良, 王苏澳, 赵希航, 邢林芬, 吴学红. 低GWP工质高温热泵系统应用研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(6): 3009-3017.

Yongning HE, Wenliang CAO, Su'ao WANG, Xihang ZHAO, Linfen XING, Xuehong WU. Application research of high-temperature heat pump system with low GWP refrigerants[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(6): 3009-3017.

图/表 13

表1 工质基本物性

Table 1 Basic physical properties

工质	相对分子质量	临界温度/℃	临界压力 /MPa	标准沸点 /℃	ODP	GWP	安全等级	类型
R600	58.12	151.97	3.796	-0.50	0	4	A3	HC
R601	72.15	196.55	3.37	36.07	0	5	A3	HC
R601a	72.15	187.25	3.38	27.84	0	4	A3	HC
R1224yd(Z)	148.49	155.54	3.34	14.72	0.00012	1	A1	HCFO
R1233zd(E)	130.50	165.60	3.57	18.32	0.00034	1	A1	HCFO
R1234ze(Z)	114.04	150.12	3.53	9.76	0	<1	A2L	HFO
R1336mzz(Z)	164.05	171.32	2.90	33.37	0	2	A1	HFO
R245fa	134.05	154.05	3.64	15.30	0	1030	B1	HFC

图1 T-s图和Tmin示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of T-s and Tmin

图2 单级回热高温热泵

Fig.2 Single-stage HTHP with heat recovery

表2 TEWI参数

Table 2 TEWI Parameter

参数	数值
年泄漏率τ /%^[28]	5
工质充注量M_ref /(kg/kW)^[29]	Q_evo×0.28
系统运行年限n /a	10
工质回收系数α^[30]	0.7
年耗电量E/(kW·h)	W_com×8000
CO₂间接排放系数β /(kgCO₂/(kW·h))^[31]
华北	0.7120
东北	0.6012
华东	0.5992
华中	0.5354
西北	0.5951
南方	0.4326
西南	0.2113
全国	0.5568

图3 Tmin随冷凝温度变化

Fig.3 Variation of Tmin with condensing temperature

图4 Tmin随等熵效率变化

Fig.4 Variation of Tmin with isentropic efficiency

图5 排气温度随冷凝温度变化

Fig.5 Variation of discharge temperature with condensation temperature

图6 COP随冷凝温度变化

Fig.6 Variation of COP with condensation temperature

图7 单位容积制热量随冷凝温度变化

Fig.7 Variation of VHC with condensation temperature

图8 系统㶲损失和㶲效率随冷凝温度变化

Fig.8 Variation of exergy loss and exergy efficiency with condensation temperature

图9 不同地区的TEWI

Fig.9 TEWI in different regions

图10 系统环境收益随冷凝温度的变化

Fig.10 Variation of environmental benefits with condensation temperature

图11 工质综合评价

Fig.11 Comprehensive evaluation of refrigerant

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