1000 MW超超临界直流锅炉水冷壁瞬态响应特性的建模与仿真研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241494

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超超临界锅炉因其高效和低排放特性，在化工领域有着重要应用。水冷壁的瞬态响应特性对超临界机组的安全和高效运行至关重要。通过引入移动边界理论，提出了一种能够统一描述超临界锅炉水冷壁不同工质状态的移动边界模型。模型无须对各种工质状态分开进行建模与求解，一定程度上简化了计算。提出的网格移动方案可实现临界压力点的追踪，与以往采用静态近似的计算方法相比减小了误差，可更为简便、合理地解决各工质状态间的切换问题，继而实现全工况仿真。对1000 MW超超临界锅炉水冷壁的瞬态响应特性进行了动态仿真研究，通过与实验数据进行对比验证了模型的正确性和可靠性。结果表明，在扰动参数阶跃变化幅度相同时，出口压力阶跃变化后重新达到稳态所需的时间偏短，而进口焓值阶跃变化后重新达到稳态所需的时间偏长。在相同的输入扰动条件下，低负荷工况扰动后重新达到稳态所需时间较长，而高负荷时的过渡时间较短。

关键词: 超超临界, 瞬态响应, 移动边界, 模型, 动态仿真

Abstract:

Ultra-supercritical boilers have important applications in the chemical industry due to their high efficiency and low emissions characteristics. The transient response characteristics of water-cooled walls are crucial for the safe and efficient operation of supercritical units. By introducing the moving boundary theory, a moving boundary model that can uniformly describe the different working fluid states of supercritical boiler water-cooled wall is proposed. The model does not require separate modeling and solving of various working fluid states, which simplifies the calculation to a certain extent. The proposed grid movement scheme can achieve the tracking of critical pressure points, which reduces errors compared to previous static approximation calculation methods. It can more easily and reasonably solve the switching problem between different working fluid states, and then achieve full condition simulation. A dynamic simulation study was conducted on the transient response characteristics of the water-cooled wall of a 1000 MW supercritical boiler, and the correctness and reliability of the model were verified by comparing it with experimental data. The results indicate that when the disturbance parameter step change by the same amount, the time required for the outlet pressure to reach steady state again after a step change is shorter, while the time required for the inlet enthalpy value to reach steady state again after a step change is longer. Under the same input disturbance conditions, the time required to reach steady state again after disturbance under low load conditions is longer, while the transition time under high load conditions is shorter.

Key words: ultra-supercritical, transient response, moving boundary, model, dynamic simulation

中图分类号:

TK 229.2

娄嘉诚, 常福城, 刘也铭, 李志斌, 李熙, 李会雄. 1000 MW超超临界直流锅炉水冷壁瞬态响应特性的建模与仿真研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(6): 2638-2651.

Jiacheng LOU, Fucheng CHANG, Yeming LIU, Zhibin LI, Xi LI, Huixiong LI. Modeling and simulation study on transient response characteristics of water wall in 1000 MW ultra-supercritical once-through boiler[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(6): 2638-2651.

图/表 12

表1 锅炉瞬态响应特性模型的研究现状汇总

Table 1 Summary of research status on transient response characteristics models of boilers

年份	作者	计算研究对象	使用的模型	模型的不足
1989	王广军等^[18]	HG-670/140锅炉	集总参数模型	无法实现全工况实时仿真
1993	吕子安等^[19]	受热单管	集总参数模型	无法实现全工况实时仿真
2003	任挺进等^[20]	某锅炉	链式结构集总参数模型	无法实现全工况实时仿真
2010	王志刚等^[21]	600 MW超临界直流锅炉	集总参数模型	无法实现全工况实时仿真
2014	史一涛^[22]	660 MW超临界直流锅炉	集总参数模型	模型不符合实际情况的假设偏多
1998	范永胜等^[23]	600 MW超临界直流锅炉	移动边界模型	模型切换时采用静态近似法导致误差增大
2001	王伟等^[24]	某超临界直流锅炉	移动边界模型	模型切换时采用静态近似法导致误差增大
2012	黄永和^[25]	600 MW超临界直流锅炉	移动边界模型	模型切换时采用静态近似法导致误差增大
2014	Hou等^[26]	1000 MW超超临界直流锅炉	移动边界模型	模型只能计算出特定条件下热参数的主要趋势
2018	康英伟等^[27]	660 MW超临界直流锅炉	移动边界模型	模型切换时采用静态近似法导致误差增大

图1 管段微元体示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of tube segment microelement

图2 网格边界移动示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of grid boundary movement

图3 空间步长的无关性验证

Fig.3 Verification of independence of spatial step

图4 时间步长的无关性验证

Fig.4 Verification of independence of time step

图5 模型计算结果与文献实验数据对比

Fig.5 Comparison between calculated results of model and experimental results of literature

表2 水冷壁运行参数

Table 2 Operating parameters of water-cooled wall

负荷工况	工作压力/MPa	质量流速/(t·h^-1)	进口温度/℃
100% BMCR	27.62	2980	325
75% BMCR	25.01	1953	297
30% BMCR	12.29	885	266

图6 30% BMCR负荷和75% BMCR负荷下扰动参数阶跃变化后热水段长度的响应过程

Fig.6 Response process of hot water section length after step change of disturbance parameters under 30% and 75% BMCR loads

图7 30% BMCR负荷和75% BMCR负荷下扰动参数阶跃变化后入口压力的响应过程

Fig.7 Response process of inlet pressure after step change of disturbance parameters under 30% and 75% BMCR loads

图8 30% BMCR负荷和75% BMCR负荷下扰动参数阶跃变化后出口流量的响应过程

Fig.8 Response process of outlet flow rate after step change of disturbance parameters under 30% and 75% BMCR loads

图9 30% BMCR负荷和75% BMCR负荷下扰动参数阶跃变化后出口工质焓值的响应过程

Fig.9 Response process of enthalpy value of outlet working fluid after step change of disturbance parameters under 30% and 75% BMCR loads

图10 30% BMCR负荷和75% BMCR负荷下扰动参数阶跃变化后出口工质温度与管壁温度的响应过程

Fig.10 Response process of outlet working fluid temperature and pipe wall temperature after step change of disturbance parameters under 30% and 75% BMCR loads

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