基于三周期极小曲面结构的高密度储热器蓄放热特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241437

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于三周期极小曲面（TPMS）结构的流道设计具有复杂的几何构型和较大的换热面积，能显著强化流场扰动以提升换热性能。针对高储热功率等极端应用需求提出了基于TPMS结构的三通道高效相变储热换热器设计方案，并采用数值模拟方法，以传热系数、Nusselt数、单位长度压降、摩擦系数、归一化换热评估参数j因子以及归一化综合性能评估参数η因子等为评估标准，对比分析不同构型的换热、流阻以及储热特性。结果表明：换热与流阻性能均随着孔隙度的增大而提升，同一孔隙度下Diamond型结构的传热系数更高，而Schwarz型结构的Nusselt数更高；储热密度随孔隙度的增大而下降，但储热功率密度随孔隙度的增大而提升，Schwarz型85%孔隙度结构的储热功率密度高达185.6 MW·m^-3。研究结果可为设计新型高效潜热储热系统提供参考。

关键词: 计算流体力学, 对流, 传热, 三周期极小曲面, 相变储热

Abstract:

The flow channel design based on the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure has complex geometric configurations and a large heat transfer area, which can significantly enhance flow field disturbances and improve heat transfer performance. Aiming at extreme application requirements such as high heat storage power, a three-channel high-efficiency phase change heat storage heat exchanger design based on TPMS structure is proposed. Numerical simulation methods were used to compare and analyze the heat transfer, flow resistance, and heat storage characteristics of different configurations based on evaluation criteria such as heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, unit length pressure drop, friction coefficient, normalized heat transfer evaluation parameter j factor, and normalized comprehensive performance evaluation parameter η factor. The results showed that both heat transfer and flow resistance performance improved with the increase of porosity. Under the same porosity, the heat transfer coefficient of Diamond type structure was higher, while the Nusselt number of Schwarz type structure was higher; the thermal storage density decreases with the increase of porosity, but the thermal storage power density increased with the increase of porosity. The thermal storage power density of Schwarz type 85% porosity structure was as high as 185.6 MW·m^-3. This study has important guiding significance for designing new and efficient latent heat storage systems.

Key words: computational fluid dynamics, convection, heat transfer, TPMS, phase change thermal storage

中图分类号:

TK 124

夏天炜, 王谙词, 句子涵, 孙晓霞, 胡定华. 基于三周期极小曲面结构的高密度储热器蓄放热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(7): 3605-3614.

Tianwei XIA, Anci WANG, Zihan JU, Xiaoxia SUN, Dinghua HU. Study on thermal storage and release characteristics of TPMS-based high density thermal storage device[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(7): 3605-3614.

图/表 16

表1 TPMS晶胞构型分类

Table 1 TPMS unit cell configuration classification

构型名称	晶胞单元图	结构表达式
Schwarz型		$c o s x + c o s y + c o s z = 0$
Diamond型		$s i n x s i n y s i n z + s i n x c o s y c o s z + c o s x s i n y c o s z + c o s x c o s y s i n z = 0$

表1 TPMS晶胞构型分类

Table 1 TPMS unit cell configuration classification

构型名称	晶胞单元图	结构表达式
Schwarz型		$c o s x + c o s y + c o s z = 0$
Diamond型		$s i n x s i n y s i n z + s i n x c o s y c o s z + c o s x s i n y c o s z + c o s x c o s y s i n z = 0$

图1 利用布尔运算构建三通道骨架

Fig.1 Constructing three channel skeleton using Boolean operations

图2 不同晶胞构型与孔隙度的TPMS骨架

Fig.2 TPMS skeletons with different cell configurations and porosities

表2 TPMS模型结构参数

Table 2 TPMS model structural parameters

晶胞构型	孔隙度/%	骨架厚度/ mm	热流域体积/ mm³	冷流域体积/ mm³	PCM体积/ mm³
Schwarz型	85	1.0	6544.3	6946.1	1108.4
	75	1.5	5882.2	6028.7	1914.0
	65	2.1	5080.4	5226.8	2951.7
Diamond型	85	2.5	6453.7	7200.4	1141.4
	75	4.3	5339.0	6639.4	2116.7
	65	6.0	4908.9	5485.1	3723.6

图3 TPMS结构换热单元计算域

Fig.3 Calculation domain of TPMS structural heat exchange unit

表3 仿真材料的物性参数

Table 3 Physical property parameters of simulation materials

物性参数	铝合金	水	八水合氢氧化钡
密度/(kg·m^-3)	2600	998	2125
比热容/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	880	4200	1810
热导率/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	140	0.6	15
熔点/℃	—	—	78
相变潜热/(J·kg^-1)	—	—	243800

表4 网格无关性考核计算结果

Table 4 Calculation results of grid independence assessment

网格数/个	Nu	单位长度压降/(kPa·m^-1)
54万	201.04	29.818
122万	208.46	31.704
262万	209.05	32.443
386万	208.13	31.069

图4 数值模拟方法验证

Fig.4 Verification of numerical simulation methods

图5 不同结构间换热性能对比

Fig.5 Comparison of heat transfer performance between different structures

图6 不同结构间j因子对比

Fig.6 Comparison of j factor between different structures

图7 不同结构间流阻性能对比

Fig.7 Comparison of flow resistance performance between different structures

图8 不同结构间η因子对比

Fig.8 Comparison of η factors between different structures

图9 不同结构的PCM熔化率随时间变化曲线

Fig.9 Time dependent melting rate curves of PCM with different structures

图10 Schwarz型径向横截面PCM液相分布

Fig.10 Schwarz type radial cross-sectional PCM liquid phase distribution

表5 各结构间储热性能对比

Table 5 Comparison of thermal storage performance between different structures

晶胞构型	孔隙度/%	PCM填充量/mm³	总储热量/J	储热密度/（MJ·m^-3）	功率密度/（MW·m^-3）
Schwarz型	85	1108.4	658.2	41.1	185.6
	75	1914.0	1142.9	71.4	108.6
	65	2951.7	1774.0	110.9	54.1
Diamond型	85	1141.4	701.8	43.9	146.4
	75	2116.7	1300.4	81.3	109.7
	65	3723.6	2288.2	143.0	49.2

图11 不同结构的PCM功率密度与储热密度

Fig.11 PCM power density and thermal storage density with different structures

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