基于裂尖减压特性的CO2管道断裂扩展数值计算

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250198

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (9): 4683-4693.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250198

• 专栏：过程模拟与仿真 • 上一篇下一篇

基于裂尖减压特性的CO₂管道断裂扩展数值计算

王一飞¹(), 李玉星¹(), 欧阳欣², 赵雪峰³, 孟岚³, 胡其会¹, 殷布泽¹, 郭雅琦¹

^1.中国石油大学（华东）油气与新能源储运安全山东省重点实验室，山东青岛 266000
^2.国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司科学技术研究总院分公司，天津 300457
^3.大庆油田有限责任公司多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室，黑龙江大庆 163458

收稿日期:2025-02-28 修回日期:2025-04-09 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-23
通讯作者: 李玉星
作者简介:王一飞（2000—），男，硕士研究生，s23060043@upc.edu.cn
基金资助:
黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD2024E010)

Numerical calculation of CO₂ pipeline fracture propagation based on crack tip decompression characteristics

Yifei WANG¹(), Yuxing LI¹(), Xin OUYANG², Xuefeng ZHAO³, Lan MENG³, Qihui HU¹, Buze YIN¹, Yaqi GUO¹

^1.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil, Gas and New Energy Storage and Transportation Safety, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
^2.PipeChina Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil, Daqing Oilfield Co. , Ltd. , Daqing 163458, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2025-02-28 Revised:2025-04-09 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-23
Contact: Yuxing LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CO₂管道出现断裂扩展时，必须考虑管内介质减压行为对该过程的影响。由于流固耦合方法存在计算成本高、收敛困难等问题，本文提出分区施加载荷的解耦计算方法，该方法可以大大简化管道边界条件计算的复杂性，并缩短运算时间。借助激波管模型、减压波模型以及管道襟翼减压经验公式作为CO₂减压模型，分别对裂尖及其前后施加不同减压形式的压力载荷，以此来模拟断裂发生过程中CO₂的减压行为。同时，所建立的有限元模型考虑了回填土及管道自重对断裂过程的影响，采用结构化网格过渡技术进行网格划分，在保证计算精度的前提下大大提高了计算效率。经对比，试验测得的平均断裂速度为108.21 m/s，相应的模型计算值为114.18 m/s，相对误差为5.52%，模型更好地预测了启裂速度，并且得到的峰值速度也与试验值更为接近。本模型计算结果在考虑保守性的同时体现出了更高的精度。

关键词: 安全, 二氧化碳, 数值模拟, 断裂扩展, 减压模型

Abstract:

When fracture extension occurs in CO₂ pipelines, the influence of the decompression behavior of the medium inside the pipe on the process must be considered. Due to the high computational cost and convergence difficulty of the fluid-solid coupling method, this paper proposes a decoupling calculation method with partitioned load application, which can greatly simplify the complexity of the calculation of pipeline boundary conditions and reduce the computational time. This paper uses the shock tube model, decompression wave model and pipeline flap decompression empirical formula as the CO₂ decompression model, and applies pressure loads of different decompression forms to the crack tip and its front and back, respectively, to simulate the decompression behavior of CO₂ during the fracture process. At the same time, the model considers the influence of backfill and pipe deadweight on the fracture process, and adopts the structured grid transition technology to divide the grid, which greatly improves the calculation efficiency under the premise of ensuring the calculation accuracy. The calculated results of the model are compared with those of the burst test and the previous fluid-structure coupling model. The model can predict the initiation velocity better, and the peak velocity obtained is closer to the experimental value. The average fracture speed measured by the test is 108.21 m/s, and the average fracture speed calculated by the model is 114.18 m/s, with a relative error of 5.52%. The calculation results of this model reflect higher accuracy while considering conservatism.

Key words: safety, carbon dioxide, numerical simulation, fracture propagation, decompression model

中图分类号:

TE 832

王一飞, 李玉星, 欧阳欣, 赵雪峰, 孟岚, 胡其会, 殷布泽, 郭雅琦. 基于裂尖减压特性的CO₂管道断裂扩展数值计算[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(9): 4683-4693.

Yifei WANG, Yuxing LI, Xin OUYANG, Xuefeng ZHAO, Lan MENG, Qihui HU, Buze YIN, Yaqi GUO. Numerical calculation of CO₂ pipeline fracture propagation based on crack tip decompression characteristics[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(9): 4683-4693.

图/表 18

图1 CO2管道断裂过程及各部分减压过程计算示意

Fig.1 Schematic calculation of CO2 pipe fracture process and decompression process of each part

表1 高频压力传感器位置分布

Table 1 Distribution of high-frequency pressure sensor locations

名称	距泄漏口距离/m
PG1	0.10
PG2	0.25
PG3	3.00
PG4	19.35

表2 激波管试验初始工况

Table 2 Initial working conditions of excitation tube test

初始压力/MPa	初始温度/℃	CO₂注入量/kg	CO₂相态	泄漏孔径/mm	开度/%
5.4	41	75.74	气相	187	100

图2 OLGA模型可视化界面

Fig.2 OLGA model visualization interface

图3 近泄漏口压降试验值与模拟值对比

Fig.3 Comparison of test and simulated values of pressure drop near the leakage port

表3 近泄漏口压力平台计算误差分析

Table 3 Calculation error analysis of near leakage port pressure platform

位置	平台压力试验值/MPa	平台压力计算值/MPa	相对误差/%
PG1	2.10	2.03	-3.33
PG2	2.26	2.33	3.10
PG3	2.77	2.85	2.89

表4 爆破试验初始条件及介质组分

Table 4 Initial conditions and media components of the burst test

初始温度/℃	初始压力/MPa	介质体积分数/%
初始温度/℃	初始压力/MPa	CO₂	H₂	N₂	CH₄
15	15.02	90.3	1.1	6.6	2.0

图4 基于激波管模型确定的等效裂尖压降

Fig.4 Equivalent crack-tip pressure drop determined based on a surge tube model

图5 减压波模型计算结果与爆破试验测量结果对比

Fig.5 The calculation results of the decompression wave model compared with the measurement results of the burst test

表5 起始管相关参数

Table 5 Parameters related to the initiation pipe

屈服强度 $σ y$ /MPa	抗拉强度 $R m$ /MPa	夏比冲击功C_V/J
470	577	102

表5 起始管相关参数

Table 5 Parameters related to the initiation pipe

屈服强度 $σ y$ /MPa	抗拉强度 $R m$ /MPa	夏比冲击功C_V/J
470	577	102

图6 起始管真实应力-真实塑性应变曲线

Fig.6 The real stress-real plastic strain curve of the initiation pipe

图7 夏比冲击试验断裂前后模型

Fig.7 Model diagram before and after fracture in Charpy impact test

图8 冲击试验载荷-位移曲线对比

Fig.8 Comparison of impact test load-displacement curves

表6 回填土莫尔-库仑本构方程参数

Table 6 Parameters of Moore-Coulomb eigenstructural equation for backfill soil

材料	密度/(kg/m³)	弹性剪切模量/MPa	泊松比	摩擦角/(°)	膨胀角/(°)	黏聚力/kPa
回填土	1900	14.8	0.35	25	0°	8

图9 有限元模型建立

Fig.9 Finite element modeling

表7 起始管启裂时的裂尖应力

Table 7 The stress at the crack tip when the initiation pipe begins to crack

环向应力/MPa	Mises应力/MPa	最大主应力/MPa
1075	1204	1204

图10 起始管断裂形貌模拟结果

Fig.10 Fracture simulation results of the initiation pipe

图11 断裂速度试验值与计算值结果对比

Fig.11 Comparison of test and calculated fracture velocity results

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基于裂尖减压特性的CO₂管道断裂扩展数值计算

Numerical calculation of CO₂ pipeline fracture propagation based on crack tip decompression characteristics

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