TVSA直接空气捕集循环系统的能效影响分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相较于面向工业固定排放源的传统碳捕集技术，CO₂直接空气捕集（direct air capture， DAC）不受时间和地理位置的限制，具备高度的灵活性，被视为重要的负排放技术。但DAC的高能耗严重阻碍其商业化应用。以变温真空吸附（temperature vacuum swing adsorption， TVSA）循环系统为例，即使利用蒸汽辅助以降低能耗，其理论能耗也接近7 GJ/t。为降低DAC循环能耗，针对常用的TVSA直接空气碳捕集循环系统构建了数学模型，通过优化运行参数及循环模式，实现了5.55 GJ/t的能耗与0.185 kg/（kg·d）的产率。优化后的TVSA循环能耗较现有TVSA循环约降低17%，显著提升了TVSA循环的能源利用效率。

关键词: 直接空气捕集, 二氧化碳, 能耗, 吸附（作用）, 脱附

Abstract:

Compared to conventional carbon capture technologies targeting industrial point sources, CO₂ direct air capture (DAC), which is unrestricted by temporal or geographical constraints, has superior operational flexibility and geographical/temporal independence, making it an important negative emission technology. However, the high energy consumption of DAC has become the primary obstacle to its commercialization. For example, even with steam-assisted regeneration to save energy, the energy consumption of TVSA system remains about 7 GJ/t. To reduce the energy consumption, a mathematical model for TVSA systems was developed. Through systematic optimization of operational modes and process parameters, the system achieves an energy consumption of 5.55 GJ/t and a productivity of 0.185 kg/(kg·d). It reduces energy consumption by approximately 17% compared to other TVSA systems, representing a significant advancement in the energy efficiency of TVSA cycles.

Key words: direct air capture, carbon dioxide, energy consumption, adsorption, desorption

中图分类号:

X 701

刘绍楠, 吴俊晔, 王魁华, 李乾, 陈云浩, 葛天舒. TVSA直接空气捕集循环系统的能效影响分析[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251023.

Shaonan LIU, Junye WU, Kuihua WANG, Qian LI, Yunhao CHEN, Tianshu GE. The analysis of energy efficiency for TVSA-based direct air capture system[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251023.

图/表 13

图1 四步TVSA循环原理示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of four-step TVSA cycle

表1 吸附床几何与物性参数表

Table 1 The structural parameters and physical properties of the adsorption bed

吸附床性能参数
R_bed	m	0.004
H_bed	m	0.04
R_ads	M	0.00026
ρ	kg/m³	吸附剂:880, 壁面:8960
C_p	J/(kg·K)	吸附剂:1580, 壁面:380
λ_ads	W/(m·K)	吸附剂:0.264
D	m²/s	0.000016

表2 本研究中CO2共吸附模型的拟合参数

Table 2 Fitted parameters for the co-adsorption CO2 isotherms presented in this work

参数	数值	单位
q_dry(T)	q_{dry_0}×exp(x_dry×(1-T_gas/T₀))	mol/kg
b_dry(T)	b_{dry_0}×exp(-△H_dry/R/T_gas)	1/Pa
t_dry(T)	t_{dry_0}+α_dry×(1-T₀/T_gas)	-
q_{dry_0}	5.249	mol/kg
x_dry	0	-
b_{dry_0}	2.85×10^-21	1/Pa
△H_dry	-117798	J/mol
t_{dry_0}	0.209	-
α_dry	0.523	-
q_wet(T)	q_{wet_0}×exp(x_wet×(1-T_gas/T₀))	mol/kg
b_wet(T)	b_{wet_0}×exp(-△H_wet/R/T_gas)	1/Pa
t_wet	0.052	-
q_{wet_0}	10.39	mol/kg
x_wet	0	-
b_{wet_0}	1.23×10^-18	1/Pa
△H_wet	-203687	J/mol
α_wet	0.053	-
A	1.532	mol/kg

表3 本研究中GAB模型的拟合参数

Table 3 Fitted parameters for the GAB model presented in this work

参数	数值	单位
c	exp((E₁-E₁₀)/R/T_gas)	-
k₁	exp((E₂-E₁₀)/R/T_gas)	-
E₁₀	-44.35×T_gas+57220	J/mol
E₁	C₁-exp(D×T_gas)	J/mol
E₂	F+G×T_gas	J/mol
q_m	3.63	mol/kg
C₁	47110	J/mol
D	0.023744	1/K
F	57706	J/mol
G	-47.814	J/(mol·K)

图2 吸附和解吸阶段出口气体浓度的实验拟合结果

Fig. 2 The fitting results of outlet gas concentration during the CO2 adsorption and desorption stage

图3 吸附阶段运行参数对TVSA循环的能耗和产率的影响

Fig.3 The impact of operation parameters on energy consumption and productivity of TVSA cycle during the adsorption stage

图4 解吸阶段运行参数对TVSA循环的能耗和产率的影响

Fig.4 The impact of operation parameters on energy consumption and productivity of TVSA cycle during the desorption stage

图5 解吸温度对单个TVSA循环周期的总能耗的影响

Fig.5 The impact of desorption temperature on total energy consumption of a single TVSA cycle

图6 不同TVSA循环模式运行能耗的分布情况

Fig. 6 Distribution of operation energy consumption in various TVSA modes

图7 低温解吸阶段运行参数对TVSA循环的能耗和产率的影响

Fig.7 The impact of operation parameters on energy consumption and productivity of TVSA cycle during the low-temperature desorption stage

图8 高温解吸阶段运行参数对TVSA循环的能耗和产率的影响

Fig.8 The impact of operation parameters on energy consumption and productivity of TVSA cycle during the high-temperature desorption stage

表4 TVSA循环的能耗和产率优化方案及结果

Table 4 The Optimization cases and results of energy consumption and productivity of TVSA cycle

Case	t_ads	q_ads	t_pri	T_pri	p_pri	t_sec	Productivity	E_total	E_blower	E_vac	E_con	E_elec	Q_ther
(-)	(h)	(L/min)	(h)	(℃)	(kPa)	(h)	(kg/(kg·d))	(GJ/t)	(GJ/t)	(GJ/t)	(GJ/t)	(GJ/t)	(GJ/t)
A	3	0.5	1.5	45	1	3	0.133	9.17	3.82	2.24	0.15	6.21	11.41
B	6	0.2	1.5	45	1	3	0.097	6.40	1.08	2.24	0.15	3.47	11.34
C	6	0.2	0.5	50	5	5	0.0986	5.35	0.97	0.95	0.52	2.45	10.00
D	3.5	0.4	0.5	45	1	2	0.185	5.55	0.56	2.07	0.16	2.79	10.58

图9 优化后TVSA循环的产率和能效

Fig.9 Energy consumption and productivity of optimized TVSA cycle

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