Research advances on nickel extraction technology from nickel sulfide ore

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201091

Abstract

Abstract:

As a strategic metal, nickel is widely used in many industrial fields such as stainless steel, special metal alloys, and rechargeable batteries. Recently, with rapid development of new energy vehicles and ever-obviously tendency of “cobalt-free nickel-rich” in cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the demand for nickel is more and more increasing. However, the external dependence of nickel in China is as high as 86%, which deteriorated the supply-demand of nickel. Faced by the bottlenecks including difficulty of mining and enrichment of nickel sulfide ores, lower recycling rate, and higher environmental risk existed in the traditional smelting methods of nickel, this research systematically reviewed the research advances on nickel extraction from nickel sulfide ores globally based on the analysis of mineralogical properties. Finally, considering recycling rate of nickel, chemicals and energy consumption, and environmental risks, suggestions on further research and development of nickel extraction technologies are put forwarded. In addition, the development tendency for nickel extraction technologies from nickel sulfide ores is discussed.

Key words: nickel sulfide ore, mineralogy, nickel, extraction, hydrometallurgy

摘要：

作为一种战略金属，镍广泛应用于不锈钢、特殊金属合金、二次电池等领域。近年来，随着新能源汽车产业的快速发展以及动力电池正极材料“无钴高镍”发展趋势，对镍的需求量持续攀升。然而，我国镍资源的对外依存度高达86%，供需矛盾日益突出。针对镍冶炼主要原料的硫化镍矿开采、富集较为困难，传统冶炼方法存在回收率低、环境风险高等瓶颈问题，本研究在分析硫化镍矿矿物学特性的基础上，系统综述了硫化镍矿中镍提取技术的研究进展及存在的问题，综合考虑镍的回收率、物质和能量消耗、环境影响等因素，提出了强化硫化镍矿中镍提取技术研发的建议，同时对硫化镍矿中镍提取技术发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 硫化镍矿, 矿物学, 镍, 提取, 湿法冶金

CLC Number:

TF 815

RAO Fu, MA En, ZHENG Xiaohong, ZHANG Xihua, LYU Weiguang, YAO Peifan, SUN Zhi. Research advances on nickel extraction technology from nickel sulfide ore[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(1): 495-507.

饶富, 马恩, 郑晓洪, 张西华, 吕伟光, 姚沛帆, 孙峙. 硫化镍矿中镍提取技术研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(1): 495-507.

Figures/Tables 1

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