Abstract:

Energy shortage and environmental pollution are huge challenges for all mankind. The over-dependence on fossil fuels has led to a sharp increase in CO₂ emissions. How to transform excessive greenhouse gases into fuels or other high-value chemicals through clean means has become a global research topic. Over the past few decades, solar and electrochemical approaches to reducing carbon dioxide have proved to be as both clean and effective methods to reduce the global carbon footprint and realize the efficient utilization of fossil resources. In recent years, the excellent performance of ultrathin two-dimensional materials (such as hydrotalcite, oxide, perovskite, etc.) in the field of catalysis has attracted a lot of attention. The electronic structure of two-dimensional materials is more adjustable and can be modified on its surface, which provides more opportunities for them to play a role in more catalytic reactions. This article summarizes the frontier progress of ultra-thin two-dimensional related materials in photocatalysis, photothermal/photovoltaic/photovoltaic-electrocatalysis, and electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ in recent years, and summarizes their modulation rules, which will provide reference for the design of high-efficiency optical and electrocatalysts in the future.

Key words: carbon dioxide, reduction, catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, two-dimensional materials

摘要：

能源短缺和环境污染是全人类面临的巨大挑战，对化石燃料的过度依赖使CO₂的排放量急剧增加，如何将过量的温室气体通过清洁的方式转变为燃料或其他高值化学品，已成为全球范围内的研究热点和难点。在过去几十年的研究中，通过太阳能和电化学方法来还原CO₂被证明是十分清洁有效的方法，可以有效降低全球碳足迹，实现化石资源的高效利用。近几年来，超薄二维材料（诸如水滑石、氧化物、钙钛矿等）在催化领域的卓越性能引起了人们的广泛关注，其电子结构存在更多的调变可能，并且可以通过修饰其表面，使其在更多催化反应中发挥作用。本文总结了近几年来超薄二维材料在光催化和电催化还原CO₂的前沿进展，并总结其调变规律，为设计高效光、电催化剂提供参考。

关键词: CO₂, 还原, 催化, 光催化, 电催化, 二维材料