Abstract:

The traditional hydrothermal synthesis of molecular sieve is not environmentally friendly in terms of the synthetic raw materials, because the silicon and aluminum reagents used in it are prepared from natural aluminosilicate minerals through a complex reaction and separation process. Using natural aluminosilicate minerals as silicon and aluminum sources to directly synthesize molecular sieve without chemical reagent intermediates is regarded as one of the promising research directions for green synthesis of molecular sieves. The key is the mesoscale activation of natural aluminosilicate minerals, which refers to the destruction of high-polymerization degree structure of natural aluminosilicate minerals and the depolymerization of them into molecular sieve synthetic raw materials with different mesoscale structures by means of physical, chemical or combination of physical and chemical action. From the perspective of energy consumption, activation mechanism and effect and the mesoscale structure of the activated products, the research advances of mesoscale activation methods for natural minerals are summarized and the widely used mesoscale activation method such as the mechanical activation, thermal activation, alkali fusion activation, sub-molten salt activation and quasi-solid-phase activation are introduced in detail. Based on the development process of mesoscale activation methods, the present situations of synthesizing high-performance molecular sieves from different mesoscale activation products are summarized, which provides important guiding strategy for the selection of mesoscale activation methods aimed to the synthesis of high-performance molecular sieve.

Key words: molecular sieves, natural aluminosilicate mineral, mesoscale, mechanical activation, thermal activation, alkali fusion activation, sub-molten salt activation, quasi-solid-phase activation

摘要：

传统的水热合成分子筛的工艺在源头上并不环保，因为其所使用的硅、铝试剂是由天然硅铝矿物通过复杂的反应与分离过程制备而来的。以天然矿物直接作为分子筛合成的硅、铝源而不经化学试剂中间体被视为分子筛绿色合成的发展方向之一，其关键在于天然矿物的介尺度活化，即通过物理、化学或物理与化学作用相结合的方式破坏天然硅铝矿物的高聚合度结构，将其解聚为具有不同介尺度结构的分子筛合成原料。为此，本文综述了天然矿物介尺度活化方法的研究进展，从能耗、活化机理和所得活化产物的介尺度结构的角度，对比分析了机械活化、热活化、碱熔活化、亚熔盐活化和拟固相活化的优缺点，总结了以不同介尺度活化产物为原料合成高性能分子筛的研究现状，为以天然硅铝矿物为原料高性能分子筛的合成提供思路。

关键词: 分子筛, 天然硅铝矿物, 介尺度, 机械活化, 热活化, 碱熔活化, 亚熔盐活化, 拟固相活化