Research on F3EACl modification layer for improving performance of perovskite solar cells

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230347

Abstract

Abstract:

In general, traps and grain boundaries (GBs) on the perovskite surface are very detrimental to the performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride (F₃EACl) containing F atoms was used as a modified layer deposited between the perovskite (PVSK) layer and the hole transport layer (HTL) to passivate the perovskite defects and GBs on the surface. Through the study of the crystallinity, morphology, photophysical properties, and photovoltaic performance of F₃EACl modified perovskite films, it was found that the N—H … F hydrogen bonding between F₃EACl and perovskite, as well as the interaction between F₃EA⁺ and I^- in perovskite, can passivate defects on the perovskite surface, thereby improving the performance and stability of the device. In addition, the F₃EACl modified layer can also adjust the energy level distribution between the perovskite layer and the HTL, thereby improving the hole extraction efficiency. The results showed that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs modified by F₃EACl increased from 19.15% to 22.45%. This indicates that F₃EACl is a better material to passivate perovskite traps to improve the performance and stability of PSCs.

Key words: perovskite solar cells, interface, defect passivation, crystallization, solar energy

摘要：

一般来说，钙钛矿表面的陷阱和晶界(GBs)对钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)的性能和长期稳定性非常不利。本研究用一种含有F原子的三氟乙胺盐酸盐(F₃EACl)作为改性层，沉积在钙钛矿(PVSK)层和空穴传输层(HTL)之间，以钝化钙钛矿表面上的陷阱和GBs。通过对F₃EACl修饰后钙钛矿薄膜结晶性、钙钛矿薄膜形貌、钙钛矿薄膜光物理性质以及电池光伏性能的研究发现，F₃EACl与钙钛矿形成的N—H…F氢键作用以及F₃EA⁺和钙钛矿中的I^-之间的相互作用能够钝化钙钛矿表面的缺陷，从而提高器件的性能和稳定性。此外，F₃EACl改性层还可以调节钙钛矿层与HTL之间的能级分布，进而提高空穴的提取效率。结果显示，F₃EACl修饰后的PSCs的能量转换效率(PCE)从19.15%提高到22.45%。这表明F₃EACl是一种用来钝化钙钛矿陷阱比较好的材料，可提升PSCs的性能和稳定性。

关键词: 钙钛矿太阳能电池, 界面, 缺陷钝化, 结晶, 太阳能

CLC Number:

TQ 028.8

Yu FU, Xingchong LIU, Hanyu WANG, Haimin LI, Yafei NI, Wenjing ZOU, Yue LEI, Yongshan PENG. Research on F₃EACl modification layer for improving performance of perovskite solar cells[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3554-3563.

傅予, 刘兴翀, 王瀚雨, 李海敏, 倪亚飞, 邹文静, 雷月, 彭永姗. F₃EACl修饰层对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能提升的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3554-3563.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 XRD patterns of control films and modified films and EDS of 1 mg/ml F3EACl-modified perovskite films

Fig.2 SEM images, grain size and AFM spectra of perovskite films

Fig.3 J-V curves and EQE curves

Fig.4 Dark I-V curves of electronic-only of control device and modified device

Fig.5 The UV-Vis spectrum and Tauc plots of control films and modified films

Fig.6 Normal PL spectrum and TRPL decay curves of PVSK/F3EACl (with or without)/spiro-MeOTAD film

Table 1 The detailed TRPL parameters of the control device and modified device

Device	A₁	A₂	τ₁/ns	τ₂/ns	τ_ave/ns
control	0.214	0.786	69.28	764.25	764.34
modified	0.208	0.792	22.03	197.03	192.03

Fig.7 XPS spectrum of C 1s and N 1s

Fig.8 XPS spectrum of I 3d and Cl 2p

Fig.9 KPFM diagrams of control perovskite film and F3EACl-modified perovskite film

Fig.10 UPS analysis results for work function and valence band of control and modified perovskite film

Table 2 The calculated parameters of UPS for control and F3EACl-modified perovskite layer

Sample	E_cutoff/eV	E_onset/eV	WF/eV	VBM/eV	E_g/eV	CBM/eV
control	16.99	1.44	4.23	-5.67	1.57	-4.10
modified	17.06	1.48	4.16	-5.64	1.58	-4.06

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of energy level distribution of devices modified by F3EACl

Fig.12 Humidity stability test in dark environment (60% humidity) for control and modified device

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Research on F₃EACl modification layer for improving performance of perovskite solar cells

F₃EACl修饰层对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能提升的研究

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References 42

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