Research progress on controllable fabrication of anisotropic microfibers by microfluidics

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240533

Abstract

Abstract:

Anisotropic microfibers have been widely used in many fields such as biomimetic materials, drug-controlled release and biomedicine due to their diverse structures and functions. Microfluidic technology, as a new type of micro-nano material preparation technology, can achieve controllable preparation of various shaped microfibers by adjusting channel structure, fluid properties and flow conditions. This review summarizes recent progress on the controllable fabrication of diverse functional anisotropic microfibers by microfluidics, for use in fields such as pharmaceuticals, chemical engineering, and environment. Fabrication strategies for the controllable fabrication of anisotropic microfibers, including solid-shaped, hollow-shaped, spindle-shaped and spiral-shaped microfibers by designing the structure of microfluidics are introduced. Important ideas for diversifying the functions of shaped microfibers based on their microstructure are discussed. The future development of microfluidics for the controllable fabrication of novel anisotropic microfibers is prospected,with a view to providing important references for the fabrication of highly bionic anisotropic microfibers by strengthening the study of flow mechanism and molding mechanism.

Key words: microfluidics, anisotropic microfibers, controllable fabrication, functionalization

摘要：

异形微纤维因其多样化的结构和功能被广泛应用于仿生材料、药物控释和生物医学等诸多领域。微流控技术作为一种新型的微纳材料制备技术，通过调节通道结构、流体物性和流动条件，可以实现多种异形微纤维的可控制备。综述了近年基于微流控技术制备面向医药、化工和环境等重要领域的异形微纤维的研究进展。介绍了通过设计微流控装置的通道结构实现可控制备实心、中空、纺锤状和螺旋状等异形微纤维的诸多策略，探讨了基于异形微纤维的微观结构实现其功能多样化的重要思路，展望了微流控技术在可控构建新型异形微纤维方面的发展趋势，以期通过加强流动机制和成型机理的研究为制备高仿生性的异形微纤维提供重要参考。

关键词: 微流控技术, 异形微纤维, 可控制备, 功能化

CLC Number:

TQ 469

Xiaojie JU, Mingwei HE, Youqiang XIA, Wei WANG, Liangyin CHU. Research progress on controllable fabrication of anisotropic microfibers by microfluidics[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(11): 3923-3934.

巨晓洁, 何明炜, 夏有强, 汪伟, 褚良银. 微流控技术可控制备异形微纤维的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(11): 3923-3934.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Microfluidic fabrication of solid microfibers: (a) Illustration of a coaxial capillary microfluidic device for the fabrication of CaAlg microfibers[31]; (b) PCL microfibers[32]; (c) Illustration of a coaxial capillary microfluidic device with a double conical tube as an internal phase microchannel[35]; CaAlg microfibers with Janus-compartments (d) and six-compartments (e)[35]； (f) Janus bicompartmental microfibers[36]; Illustration of a “sandwich-like” microchip (g) and CaAlg microfibers with two-compartments (h)[37]; Illustration of a three-dimensional microfluidic chip (i) and CaAlg microfibers with four-compartments (j)[38]; (k) Microfibers with noncircular cross-section[39]; (l) Polymerized acrylate flat microfibers[40]; (m) Flat CaAlg microfibers with grooves[8]

Fig.2 Microfluidic fabrication of single-channel hollow microfibers: (a)，(b) The microfluidic device to fabricate hollow PES microfibers[43]; (c) PAN hollow microfibers[41]; (d) PES hollow microfibers[22]; (e) The jet flow in the oil-phase isolation layer[45]; (f) PLGA hollow microfibers embedded with K+-responsive nanoparticles[13]

Fig.3 Microfluidic fabrication of multilayer, multichannel, multicomponent hollow microfibers: (a)—(c) CaAlg hollow microfibers with multichannels[35]; (d)—(f) CaAlg hollow microfibers with multicompartmental shell layers[35]; θ-type capillary microchannel device (g) and the prepared Janus-hollow microfibers (h)[46]; The Janus-hollow microfibers with four-channels (i) and three-compartment-hollow microfibers with three-channels (j)[46]; CaAlg microfibers with one [(k), (n)], three [(l), (o)] and five [(m), (p)] hollows[47]; (q) Multi-component CaAlg microfibers with multi-hollow structure[48]

Fig.4 Microfluidic fabrication of spindle-shaped microfibers: (a), (b) Microfluidic fabrication of spindle-shaped microfibers[49]; Spindle-shaped microfibers with embedded Janus channels (c) and helical channels (d)[51]; (e), (f) The “Buddha beads” spindle-shaped microfibers[52]; (g) CaAlg spindle microfibers[54]

Fig.5 Microfluidic fabrication of “spindle-like” shaped microfibers: (a),(b) The “peapod-like” microfibers[29]; (c) The “bamboo-like” microfibers[60]; (d)—(f) The “hemline-shaped” microfibers[3]

Fig.6 Microfluidics fabrication of helical microfibers: (a) Illustration of microfluidic device for controllable fabrication of helical microfibers[64]; (b) CaAlg helical microfibers[65]; (c) Illustration of microfluidic device for controllable fabrication of helical microfibers[67]; (d) Flexible polymer film embedded in the helical microfibers[63]; (e),(f) PUU3-12 helical microfibers and their super helical microfibers[69]; (g) Illustration of the mini-rTDP system[71]; CaAlg microfibers with three-component (h), Janus structure (i), multilayered structure (j) and double-helical type (k)[16]; (l) Helical micromotors[72]

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