Intelligent optimization and deformation analysis of novel flexible dam foil face gas seal

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240748

Abstract

Abstract:

A novel foil face gas seal structure with flexible seal dam is proposed. Based on the theories of gas lubrication and elastic mechanics, a theoretical model of aeroelastic coupling lubrication for the new flexible seal dam gas film seal is established. The pressure and deformation distribution of the gas film on the sealing end-face are analyzed to explore the sealing operation mechanism. The influence of working conditions and end-face structural parameters on the sealing performance is studied. The Latin hypercube sampling method is used to randomly sample key influencing factors, and an optimization model based on the MLP neural network and genetic algorithm is constructed to obtain the parameter optimization range that satisfies the objective function. The results show that the new flexible seal dam gas film seal can further improve adaptive operation capability through the deformation coordination of the sealing dam. The gap between the fan-shaped flat foil of the flexible sealing dam will increase the leakage of the seal, but the fluid dynamic pressure effect formed by the gap is conducive to the opening of the end surface. The MLP neural network-genetic algorithm optimization model can accurately predict sealing performance and effectively improve optimization accuracy and efficiency under multi-parameter and multi-objective conditions.

Key words: flexible seal dam, compliant foil face gas seal, deformation coordination, mechanical properties, optimal design, numerical analysis

摘要：

提出了一种具有柔性密封坝的新型箔片端面气膜密封结构，基于气体润滑和弹性力学相关理论建立新型柔性坝箔片端面气膜密封气弹耦合润滑理论模型，分析密封端面气膜压力和变形分布规律，探究密封运行机理，研究工况参数、端面结构参数对密封性能的影响，采用拉丁超立方抽样法对关键影响因子随机取样，构建MLP神经网络-遗传算法优化模型，获得了满足目标函数的参数优化范围。结果表明：新型柔性坝箔片端面气膜密封可通过密封坝的变形协调作用进一步提高自适应运行能力；柔性密封坝各扇形平箔片之间间隙会使密封泄漏有一定增大，但因间隙形成的流体动压效应有利于密封端面开启；MLP神经网络-遗传算法优化模型可以准确预测密封性能并有效提高多参数多目标条件下的优化精度和效率。

关键词: 柔性密封坝, 箔片端面气膜密封, 变形协调, 力学性能, 优化设计, 数值分析

CLC Number:

TB 42

Yushi LI, Yuan CHEN, Yuntang LI, Xudong PENG, Bingqing WANG, Xiaolu LI. Intelligent optimization and deformation analysis of novel flexible dam foil face gas seal[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(1): 324-334.

李雨诗, 陈源, 李运堂, 彭旭东, 王冰清, 李孝禄. 新型柔性坝箔片端面气膜密封变形协调分析及性能智能优化[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(1): 324-334.

Figures/Tables 13

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参数	数值	参数	数值
密封端面内径r_i/mm	58.42	平箔面初始膜厚h_a/µm	3
密封端面外径r_o/mm	77.78	楔形高度h_d/µm	15
箔坝比γ	1	密封区箔片间隙深度h_t/µm	5
密封环内径侧大气压力p_i/MPa	0.1	动压区箔片数N₁	8
密封环外径侧介质压力p_o/MPa	0.3	密封区箔片数N₂	8
转速n/(r/min)	14000	动压区箔片端面柔度系数α₁	0.1
波箔片泊松比v_b	0.3	密封区箔片端面柔度系数α₂	0.01
波箔片波纹间距s/mm	0.42	波箔片弹性模量E_b/GPa	214
波箔片厚度t_b/mm	0.15	波箔片波纹半宽l/mm	1.778
气体黏度μ/(mPa·s)	0.0185	动压区间隙占比c₁	0.05
节距比b	0.25	密封区间隙占比c₂	0.05

参数	数值	参数	数值
密封端面内径r_i/mm	58.42	平箔面初始膜厚h_a/µm	3
密封端面外径r_o/mm	77.78	楔形高度h_d/µm	15
箔坝比γ	1	密封区箔片间隙深度h_t/µm	5
密封环内径侧大气压力p_i/MPa	0.1	动压区箔片数N₁	8
密封环外径侧介质压力p_o/MPa	0.3	密封区箔片数N₂	8
转速n/(r/min)	14000	动压区箔片端面柔度系数α₁	0.1
波箔片泊松比v_b	0.3	密封区箔片端面柔度系数α₂	0.01
波箔片波纹间距s/mm	0.42	波箔片弹性模量E_b/GPa	214
波箔片厚度t_b/mm	0.15	波箔片波纹半宽l/mm	1.778
气体黏度μ/(mPa·s)	0.0185	动压区间隙占比c₁	0.05
节距比b	0.25	密封区间隙占比c₂	0.05

结构参数	最小值	最大值
动压区柔度系数α₁	0.1	0.3
密封区柔度系数α₂	0.01	0.1
箔坝比γ	1	3

结构参数	最小值	最大值
动压区柔度系数α₁	0.1	0.3
密封区柔度系数α₂	0.01	0.1
箔坝比γ	1	3

优化方案	权重	动压区柔度系数α₁	密封区柔度系数α₂	箔坝比γ
方案一	w₁=w₂=w₃=w₄=1	0.1045	0.0303	1.6157
方案二	w₁=3，w₂=w₃=w₄=0	0.1021	0.0756	2.6772
方案三	w₂=3，w₁=w₃=w₄=0	0.1018	0.0201	2.8231
方案四	w₃=3，w₁=w₂=w₄=0	0.1853	0.0112	1.0736
方案五	w₄=3，w₁=w₂=w₃=0	0.1032	0.0184	1.0244