Development of pressure retarded osmosis membrane

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20151738

Abstract

Abstract:

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a new membrane technology to produce renewable energy from osmotic pressure difference of two solutions with different concentration. Membrane used in the PRO process requires high water permeability, effective rejection of salt and ideal mechanical strength in order to achieve an excellent energy production. This paper explains the basic requirements of PRO membranes and summaries the development of the widely-used asymmetric membranes from the aspects of active layer, support layer and pre-treatment, showing the effects of membrane material, preparation and pre-treatment on the membrane performance. Meanwhile, the paper induces the research status of symmetric and quasi-symmetric membranes, which could significantly mitigate internal concentration polarization (ICP) and become a research focus in the future.

Key words: pressure retarded osmosis, permeation, concentration polarization, active layer, support layer, symmetric, membrane, desalination

摘要：

压力延滞渗透(pressure retarded osmosis,PRO)是一种利用不同浓度溶液间渗透压差进行产能的新型膜技术。膜是PRO过程的核心元件,对其产能效果有巨大影响。PRO膜需要有良好的水渗透性和较高的截留率,并具有足够的强度承受高压。首先阐述了PRO过程对膜性能的要求,然后从活性层、支撑层及物理/化学预处理3个方面归纳了当前广泛使用的非对称膜的研究进展,总结了膜材料、制备过程和预处理等对膜性能的影响。同时,归纳了对称膜及准对称膜方面的研究状况,两者可有效降低膜的内部浓差极化现象(ICP),是未来PRO膜研究的一个重要方向。

关键词: 压力延滞渗透, 渗透, 浓差极化, 活性层, 支撑层, 对称, 膜, 脱盐

CLC Number:

TQ028.8

WANG Xiuheng, LU Jiandong, ZOU Yachao, YOU Shijie, TANG Chuyang. Development of pressure retarded osmosis membrane[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(6): 2187-2194.

王秀蘅, 卢建东, 邹亚超, 尤世界, 汤初阳. 压力延滞渗透膜的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(6): 2187-2194.

References 55

[1]	PATTLE R E. Production of electric power by mixing fresh and salt water in the hydroelectric pile [J]. Nature, 1954, 174(4431): 660
[2]	LOEB S, VAN HESSEN F, LEVI J, et al. The osmotic power plant[C]//11th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 1976: 51-57.
[3]	TOUATI K, DE LA CALLE A, TADEO F, et al. Energy recovery using salinity differences in a multi-effect distillation system [J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014, 55(11): 1-8.
[4]	AABERG R J. Osmotic power: a new and powerful renewable energy source? [J]. Refocus, 2003, 4(6): 48-50.
[5]	STRAUB A P. Pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation from salinity gradients: is it viable? [J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2016, 9: 31-48
[6]	HAN G, ZHANG S, LI X, et al. Progress in pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) membranes for osmotic power generation [J]. Progress in Polymer Science, 2015, 51: 1-27.
[7]	CHUNG T S, LI X, RUI C O, et al. Emerging forward osmosis (FO) technologies and challenges ahead for clean water and clean energy applications [J]. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 2012, 1(3): 246-257.
[8]	HAN G, CHUNG T S. Robust and high performance pressure retarded osmosis hollow fiber membranes for osmotic power generation [J]. AIChE Journal, 2014, 60(3): 1107-1119.
[9]	XU Y, PENG X, TANG C Y, et al. Effect of draw solution concentration and operating conditions on forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis performance in a spiral wound module [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, 348(1): 298-309.
[10]	YIP N Y, ELIMELECH M. Performance limiting effects in power generation from salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(23): 10273-10282.
[11]	LI Y, WANG R, QI S, et al. Structural stability and mass transfer properties of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) membrane under high operating pressures [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 383(1/2): 143-153
[12]	LOEB S, VAN HESSEN F, SHAHAF D. Production of energy from concentrated brines by pressure-retarded osmosis(Ⅱ): Experimental results and projected energy costs [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1976, 1: 249-269.
[13]	LEE K L, BAKER R W, LONSDALE H K. Membranes for power generation by pressure-retarded osmosis [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1981, 8(2): 141-171.
[14]	HELFER F, LEMCKERT C, ANISSIMOV Y G. Osmotic power with pressure retarded osmosis: theory, performance and trends-a review [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 453: 337-358.
[15]	ACHILLI A, CATH T Y, CHILDRESS A E. Power generation with pressure retarded osmosis: an experimental and theoretical investigation [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2009, 343(1/2): 42-52.
[16]	SONG X, LIU Z, SUN D D. Energy recovery from concentrated seawater brine by thin-film nanofiber composite pressure retarded osmosis membranes with high power density [J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013, 6(4): 1199.
[17]	BUI N, MCCUTCHEON J R. Nanofiber supported thin-film composite membrane for pressure-retarded osmosis [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 48(7): 4129-4136.
[18]	ZHANG S, FU F, CHUNG T. Substrate modifications and alcohol treatment on thin film composite membranes for osmotic power [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2013, 87: 40-50.
[19]	HAN G, ZHANG S, LI X, et al. High performance thin film composite pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) membranes for renewable salinity-gradient energy generation [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 440: 108-121.
[20]	SUN S, CHUNG T. Outer-selective pressure-retarded osmosis hollow fiber membranes from vacuum-assisted interfacial polymerization for osmotic power generation [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(22): 13167-13174.
[21]	HAN G, WANG P, CHUNG T. Highly robust thin-film composite pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) hollow fiber membranes with high power densities for renewable salinity-gradient energy generation [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(14): 8070-8077.
[22]	ZHANG S, CHUNG T. Minimizing the instant and accumulative effects of salt permeability to sustain ultrahigh osmotic power density [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(17): 10085-10092.
[23]	CHOU S, WANG R, SHI L, et al. Thin-film composite hollow fiber membranes for pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process with high power density [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 389: 25-33.
[24]	CHOU S, WANG R, FANE A G. Robust and high performance hollow fiber membranes for energy harvesting from salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 448: 44-54.
[25]	LI X, CHUNG T. Thin-film composite P84 co-polyimide hollow fiber membranes for osmotic power generation [J]. Applied Energy, 2014, 114: 600-610.
[26]	LI X, CHUNG T, CHUNG T. Effects of free volume in thin-film composite membranes on osmotic power generation [J]. AIChE Journal, 2013, 59(12): 4749-4761.
[27]	HONG S S, RYOO W, CHUN M S, et al. Effects of membrane characteristics on performances of pressure retarded osmosis power system [J]. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015, 32(7): 1249-1257.
[28]	FU F, SUN S, ZHANG S, et al. Pressure retarded osmosis dual-layer hollow fiber membranes developed by co-casting method and ammonium persulfate (APS) treatment [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 469: 488-498.
[29]	FU F J, ZHANG S, CHUNG T S. Sandwich-structured hollow fiber membranes for osmotic power generation [J]. Desalination, 2015, 376: 73-81.
[30]	THORSEN T. Concentration polarisation by natural organic matter (NOM) in NF and UF [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2004, 233: 79-91.
[31]	HERRON J. Two-layer membrane: US20120175300 [P]. 2012.
[32]	GERSTANDT K, PEINEMANN K V, SKILHAGEN S E, et al. Membrane processes in energy supply for an osmotic power plant [J]. Desalination, 2008, 224(1/2/3): 64-70.
[33]	SU J, ZHANG S, CHEN H, et al. Effects of annealing on the microstructure and performance of cellulose acetate membranes for pressure-retarded osmosis processes [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, 364(1/2): 344-353.
[34]	ALSVIK I, HÄGG M. Pressure retarded osmosis and forward osmosis membranes: materials and methods [J]. Polymers, 2013, 5(1): 303-327.
[35]	CHUNG T S. A critical review of polybenzimidazoles: historical development and future R&D [J]. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews, 1997, 37(2): 277-301.
[36]	WANG K Y, CHUNG T S, QIN J J. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes applied in forward osmosis process [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2007, 300(1): 6-12.
[37]	WANG K Y, YANG Q, CHUNG T S, et al. Enhanced forward osmosis from chemically modified polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes with a thin wall [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2009, 64(7): 1577-1584.
[38]	HAUSMAN R, DIGMAN B, ESCOBAR I C, et al. Functionalization of polybenzimidizole membranes to impart negative charge and hydrophilicity [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, 363(1/2): 195-203.
[39]	SHE Q, WEI J, MA N, et al. Fabrication and characterization of fabric-reinforced pressure retarded osmosis membranes for osmotic power harvesting [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016, 504: 75-78.
[40]	WIDJOJO N, CHUNG T, WEBER M, et al. The role of sulphonated polymer and macrovoid-free structure in the support layer for thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 383(1/2): 214-223.
[41]	LI X, ZHANG S, FU F, et al. Deformation and reinforcement of thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide-imide (PAI) membranes for osmotic power generation [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 434: 204-217.
[42]	HAN G, ZHANG S, LI X, et al. Thin film composite forward osmosis membranes based on polydopamine modified polysulfone substrates with enhancements in both water flux and salt rejection [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 80: 219-231.
[43]	LI X, WANG K Y, HELMER B, et al. Thin-film composite membranes and formation mechanism of thin-film layers on hydrophilic cellulose acetate propionate substrates for forward osmosis processes [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012, 51(30): 10039-10050.
[44]	MCCUTCHEON J R, ELIMELECH M. Influence of membrane support layer hydrophobicity on water flux in osmotically driven membrane processes [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2008, 318 (1/2): 458-466.
[45]	ARENA J T, MCCLOSKEY B, FREEMAN B D, et al. Surface modification of thin film composite membrane support layers with polydopamine: enabling use of reverse osmosis membranes in pressure retarded osmosis [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 375(1/2): 55-62.
[46]	CUI Y, LIU X Y, CHUNG T S. Enhanced osmotic energy generation from salinity gradients by modifying thin film composite membranes [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 242(8): 195-203.
[47]	TIN P S, CHUNG T S, HILL A J. Advanced fabrication of carbon molecular sieve membranes by nonsolvent pretreatment of precursor polymers [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2004, 43(20): 6476-6483.
[48]	SHAO L, CHUNG T S, GOH S H, et al. Transport properties of cross-linked polyimide membranes induced by different generations of diaminobutane (DAB) dendrimers [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2004, 238(1): 153-163.
[49]	KWON Y N, LECKIE J O. Hypochlorite degradation of crosslinked polyamide membranes (Ⅱ): Changes in hydrogen bonding behavior and performance [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 282(s1/2): 456-464.
[50]	YOU S, TANG C, YU C, et al. Forward osmosis with a novel thin-film inorganic membrane [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(15): 8733-8742.
[51]	WANG K Y, ONG R C, CHUNG T S. Double-skinned forward osmosis membranes for reducing internal concentration polarization within the porous sublayer [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010, 49(10): 4824-4831.
[52]	QI S, QIU C Q, ZHAO Y, et al. Double-skinned forward osmosis membranes based on layer-by-layer assembly-FO performance and fouling behavior [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 405: 20-29.
[53]	王秀蘅, 禹晨, 吴宝利, 等. 准对称薄层结构无机膜的制备及其正向渗透性能 [J]. 中国给水排水, 2014, (23): 101-104.
	WANG X H, YU C, WU B L, et al. Fabrication of quasi-symmetric thin-layer inorganic membrane and its forward osmosis performance [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2014, (23): 101-104.
[54]	钟溢健, 张金娜, 王秀蘅, 等. 聚乙烯醇修饰准对称无机膜的正向渗透效能 [J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2015, 47(8): 7-11. ZHONG Y J, ZHANG J N, WANG X H, et al. Polyvinyl alcohol modified quasi-symmetric thin film inorganic membrane for enhanced forward osmosis performance [J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015, 47(8): 7-11.
[55]	钟溢健, 张济辞, 吴子焱, 等. 新型准对称无机膜的正渗透去除Cd2+的效能 [J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(1): 386-392. ZHONG Y J, ZHANG J C, WU Z Y, et al. Novel quasi-symmetric thin-film inorganic membrane for elimination of Cd2+ in aqueous solution by forward osmosis [J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(1): 386-392.