Abstract:

A novel heat recovery exchanger installed on the rotary kiln shell surface is proposed in this paper. The heat recovery exchanger contains water tubes and coiled pipes, which function as the radiative and the convective heat transfer surfaces, respectively. Numerical studies and experimental measurements are carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger. Several optimization models are proposed with the heat transfer area, the pressure drop and the modified entropy generation numbers set as the objective functions. The models describe the relation between the heat transfer rates and structural parameters of the heat recovery exchanger, i.e. the tube length, the tube numbers and the tube diameter. The optimized design parameters are obtained by applying the genetic algorithm toolbox in Matlab. The results indicate that the optimized heat transfer areas of water tubes and coiled pipes are decreased by 15% and 20%, respectively. The corresponding pressure drop is significantly decreased after optimization. In the optimization process, the modified entropy generation numbers are decreased due to fluid friction, while the modified entropy generation numbers remain unchanged due to heat transfer.

Key words: energy conservation, rotary kilns, heat recovery exchanger, heat transfer, optimization

摘要：

减少回转窑表面的散热损失对冶金、化工等高耗能行业的节能减排具有重要意义。针对现有窑表面集热器回收效率较低的现状，提出了一种新型集热器，并通过实验测量与数值计算分析了其换热性能。建立了集热器换热量与管长、管径及管子数等结构参数的数学关系，分别以换热面积、进出口压降以及改进的熵产数为优化目标，利用遗传算法分别对其进行了结构设计，结果表明，优化后集热器的辐射换热所需的换热面积减小15%，对流换热所需的换热面积减少20%左右。优化后两种形式的换热面所消耗的泵功明显减少。优化后集热器的传热熵产数与优化前无明显变化，而流动熵产数得到明显降低。

关键词: 节能, 回转窑, 集热器, 传热, 优化