Abstract:

With excellent physical characteristics such as heat proof, thermal insulation and abrasion resistance, etc., silica nanoparticles have attracted a lot interesting from various industries. Many methods have been proposed to formulate SiO₂ nanoparticles, for example, aerosol method, chemical precipitation method, microemulsion method and sol-gel method. Compared with other methods, chemical precipitation uses cheaper materials and is easily to be industrialized. In present work, based on the chemical precipitation method, SiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared using sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) as silicon source, ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) as precipitant and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as dispersant. TG-DSC was used to determine the decomposition temperature of CTAB. After the preparation, SiO₂ nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR Spectrometer), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results show that SiO₂ nanoparticles formulated by chemical precipitation were amorphous state with an average diameter of 80 nm.

Key words: chemical precipitation, synthesis, nanoparticles, characterization, size distribution

摘要：

二氧化硅以其优越的耐热隔热性能引起各个行业的广泛关注。以硅酸钠为硅源、氯化铵为沉淀剂、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为分散剂，采用化学沉淀法合成二氧化硅纳米颗粒。采用TG-DSC测试分散剂CTAB的分解温度，并用傅里叶红外光谱、X射线以及扫描电镜对制备的二氧化硅粉末进行表征。结果表明，此方法制备的二氧化硅颗粒为无定形态纳米颗粒，平均粒径为80 nm。

关键词: 化学沉淀法, 合成, 纳米粒子, 特性表征, 粒度分布