CIESC Journal ›› 2023, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (7): 2717-2734.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20230193
• Reviews and monographs • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yuming TU(), Gaoyan SHAO, Jianjie CHEN, Feng LIU, Shichao TIAN, Zhiyong ZHOU, Zhongqi REN()
Received:
2023-03-06
Revised:
2023-07-05
Online:
2023-08-31
Published:
2023-07-05
Contact:
Zhongqi REN
涂玉明(), 邵高燕, 陈健杰, 刘凤, 田世超, 周智勇, 任钟旗()
通讯作者:
任钟旗
作者简介:
涂玉明(1995—),男,博士研究生,tuyumingbuct@yeah.net
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Yuming TU, Gaoyan SHAO, Jianjie CHEN, Feng LIU, Shichao TIAN, Zhiyong ZHOU, Zhongqi REN. Advances in the design, synthesis and application of calcium-based catalysts[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2717-2734.
涂玉明, 邵高燕, 陈健杰, 刘凤, 田世超, 周智勇, 任钟旗. 钙基催化剂的设计合成及应用研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2717-2734.
Fig.3 XRD patterns of calcium acetate, UCN precursor, UCA precursor, UCA700 and UCN650 (UCN, UCA represent activation in nitrogen and air atmosphere, respectively) (CaZrO3, Ca x Zr y O x+2y )[29], CaO-Al2O3 and 0.4-SrO-CaO-Al2O3 catalysts[31]
催化剂 | 转化率/% | 稳定性 |
---|---|---|
CaO[ | 87 | 多次使用后下降了30% |
CaO/SBC[ | 93.4 | 多次使用后下降了9% |
CaO-ZrO2[ | 97 | 使用3次后保持在93%以上 |
CaO-MgO[ | 98.4 | 使用5次后保持在93%以上 |
Ca/APB[ | 81.6 | 使用10次后基本保持稳定 |
CaP-600[ | 99 | 微量浸出 |
Table 1 Comparison of the effects of different catalysts in the biodiesel synthesis process
催化剂 | 转化率/% | 稳定性 |
---|---|---|
CaO[ | 87 | 多次使用后下降了30% |
CaO/SBC[ | 93.4 | 多次使用后下降了9% |
CaO-ZrO2[ | 97 | 使用3次后保持在93%以上 |
CaO-MgO[ | 98.4 | 使用5次后保持在93%以上 |
Ca/APB[ | 81.6 | 使用10次后基本保持稳定 |
CaP-600[ | 99 | 微量浸出 |
催化剂 | 废水类型 | COD/ (mg·L-1) | COD 去 除率/% |
---|---|---|---|
煤基活性炭[ | 煤化工废水生化出水 | 283.8 | 32.16 |
AC[ | 纺织废水 | 2570 | 50 |
FeO x /AC[ | 炼油厂废水 | 54.6~256 | 40 |
γ-Al2O3[ | 石化废水 | 750 | 46 |
CuCo/CAFNi[ | 煤气化废水 | 70~80 | 60~65 |
Mn x Ce1-x /γ-Al2O3[ | 焦化废水 | 150 | 45.6 |
Al2O3-PDA-Ca x O y[ | 石化废水(生化出水) | 140~160 | 62 |
Ca-C/Al2O3[ | 化工园区废水(生化出水) | 100~129 | 65 |
Al2O3-PDA-SA-Ca x O y[ | 化工园区废水(生化出水) | 100~129 | 66 |
Table 2 Comparison of the effectiveness of different catalysts in treating actual wastewater
催化剂 | 废水类型 | COD/ (mg·L-1) | COD 去 除率/% |
---|---|---|---|
煤基活性炭[ | 煤化工废水生化出水 | 283.8 | 32.16 |
AC[ | 纺织废水 | 2570 | 50 |
FeO x /AC[ | 炼油厂废水 | 54.6~256 | 40 |
γ-Al2O3[ | 石化废水 | 750 | 46 |
CuCo/CAFNi[ | 煤气化废水 | 70~80 | 60~65 |
Mn x Ce1-x /γ-Al2O3[ | 焦化废水 | 150 | 45.6 |
Al2O3-PDA-Ca x O y[ | 石化废水(生化出水) | 140~160 | 62 |
Ca-C/Al2O3[ | 化工园区废水(生化出水) | 100~129 | 65 |
Al2O3-PDA-SA-Ca x O y[ | 化工园区废水(生化出水) | 100~129 | 66 |
Fig.10 Mechanism of Ca- and K-containing biochar-catalyzed reformation of tar model compounds (a)[70]; Catalyst surface coke deposition process (b)[72]: chemisorption of carbon on catalytically active surface particles (ⅰ), coke encapsulation of inorganic molecules (ⅱ), coke deposition blocking porous structures (ⅲ), and catalyst structural degradation due to coke deposition (ⅳ)
Fig.11 Comparison of the effect of Ca-based catalysts (a); XRD pattern of Ca-based catalysts (b); Schematic representation of the reaction mechanism (c)[74]
催化剂 | 反应体系 | 反应温度/℃ | 转化率/% | H2摩尔分数/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
白云石颗粒[ | 模拟焦油(乙酸、苯) | 850 | 99.8、18.7 | — |
白云石焙烧物[ | 生物质焦油 | 900 | 95.14 | — |
Ca-K/生物炭[ | 模拟焦油(甲苯、萘) | 800 | 86~100 | 62 |
Ca/CPC[ | 模拟焦油(甲苯) | 900 | 94.4 | 68.5 |
Fe6Al4Ca1[ | 煤焦油 | 900 | 90 | 50 |
Ni/生物炭[ | 生物质焦油 | 800 | 96.5 | — |
Fe/生物炭[ | 生物质焦油 | 800 | 92.6 | 39.88 |
Cu/生物炭[ | 生物质焦油 | 800 | 90.6 | — |
Table 3 Comparison of the effects of different catalysts in tar cracking reforming process
催化剂 | 反应体系 | 反应温度/℃ | 转化率/% | H2摩尔分数/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
白云石颗粒[ | 模拟焦油(乙酸、苯) | 850 | 99.8、18.7 | — |
白云石焙烧物[ | 生物质焦油 | 900 | 95.14 | — |
Ca-K/生物炭[ | 模拟焦油(甲苯、萘) | 800 | 86~100 | 62 |
Ca/CPC[ | 模拟焦油(甲苯) | 900 | 94.4 | 68.5 |
Fe6Al4Ca1[ | 煤焦油 | 900 | 90 | 50 |
Ni/生物炭[ | 生物质焦油 | 800 | 96.5 | — |
Fe/生物炭[ | 生物质焦油 | 800 | 92.6 | 39.88 |
Cu/生物炭[ | 生物质焦油 | 800 | 90.6 | — |
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