Abstract:

In order to improve the explosion power of emulsion explosives, a novel MgH₂ type of composite sensitization emulsion explosive is developed. The emulsion explosive is sensitized by coated MgH₂ and glass microspheres, and the two materials act as energetic additive and sensitizer, respectively. By studying the influence of “hot spots” quantity and coating materials, the formula of MgH₂ type of composite sensitization emulsion explosive is determined. The detonation characteristic parameters and underwater explosion properties of MgH₂ type of composite sensitization emulsion explosive are studied with underwater explosion and brisance experiments. The experimental results show that the lead block compression value of this new type of emulsion is as high as 24.3 mm, which reaches the brisance of military explosives. Compared with the traditional glass microspheres sensitization emulsion explosive, although the shock wave peak pressure of the composite sensitized of MgH₂-based emulsion explosives is decreased 4.90%, but its shock wave energy, bubble energy and total energy are separately increased 7.83%, 22.94% and 18.32%. Therefore, the brisance and work capability of MgH₂ type of composite sensitization emulsion explosives are remarkably increased.

Key words: emulsion explosive, brisance, detonation, hydrogen containing material, sensitization, underwater explosion

摘要：

为了提高乳化炸药的爆炸威力，研制出了一种MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药。该乳化炸药采用包覆后的MgH₂与玻璃微球复合敏化，两种材料分别起到含能添加剂和敏化剂的作用。通过研究“热点”数量和包覆材料对炸药爆轰性能的影响，确定了MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药的配方。利用水下爆炸实验和猛度实验，研究了MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药的爆轰特征参数和水下爆炸特性。实验结果表明，MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药的铅柱压缩量为24.3 mm，达到军用炸药的猛度；与传统玻璃微球型乳化炸药相比，其水下爆炸峰值压力虽然下降了4.90%，但比冲击波能、比气泡能和总能量分别提高了7.83%、22.94%和18.32%。MgH₂型复合敏化储氢乳化炸药的猛度和做功能力得到了显著提高。

关键词: 乳化炸药, 猛度, 爆轰, 储氢材料, 敏化, 水下爆炸