Abstract:

Pyrolysis is an efficient approach for coal clean utilization.To improve the tar yield in coal pyrolysis,several processes to integrate catalytic and/or low-temperature plasma activation of methane (including partial oxidation,CO₂ reforming,steam reforming,methane aromatization and cold plasmas) with coal pyrolysis were reviewed.The results showed that all integrated processes can obviously improve the tar yield compared with the pyrolysis under N₂ or H₂,and are adaptable to different coals.These methods provide new approaches for enhancing the tar yield.The mechanism for high tar yield was analyzed by the isotopic trace techniques.The analysis of main components in the tar from the integrated process by GC-MS indicates that some free radicals (like· CH_x,·H) are formed by the catalytic activation of methane on Ni-based catalysts or the excitation by electrons with higher energy in low-temperature plasma.These active species participate in the formation of coal tar by the interaction with the free radicals cracked from coal,leading to the remarkable enhancement.The reactor designing of the integrated process and the catalyst development with good catalytic performances for methane activation are the key to the industrial utilization in the future.

Key words: pyrolysis, methane, activation, tar, plasma, free radicals

摘要：

热解是实现煤清洁高效利用的重要途径之一。针对传统煤热解焦油收率低的现状，从煤热解反应机理出发，围绕甲烷催化/等离子体活化与煤热解过程耦合提高焦油收率的研究工作进行综述，重点介绍了甲烷部分氧化、甲烷二氧化碳重整、甲烷芳构化、甲烷水蒸气重整及甲烷等离子体活化与煤热解耦合过程特点以及对焦油产率的影响。结果显示，相对氮气和氢气气氛下热解，耦合过程焦油产率显著提高，并具有煤种普适性。同时借助同位素示踪技术对耦合过程焦油产率提高机理进行分析。结果表明，甲烷经催化/等离子体活化后产生的活性物质通过与煤热解形成的自由基结合，参与了焦油的形成，是焦油产率显著提高的根本原因。耦合反应器的设计和甲烷活化催化剂的开发是今后该过程工业应用的关键。

关键词: 热解, 甲烷, 活化, 焦油, 等离子体, 自由基