Abstract: Dispersive nanoparticles and whiskers have been extensively studied owing to their unique properties and potential applications. Solution-based synthesis methods, especially hydrothermal routes, are widely employed to produce nanomaterials because of their relative simplicity and low energy consumption. Herein the recent progress of hydrothermal technologies in the synthesis of dispersive nanoparticles are introduced firstly, including supercritical hydrothermal route, continuous hydrothermal route and hydrothermal modification route. The mechanisms for controlling the nanoparticle size and dispersion are discussed. Then two novel approaches to the hydrothermal fabrication of whiskers are introduced, including hydrothermal recrystallization method and ion induction-structural reforming method, the mechanism for the oriented growth of the whiskers is also discussed.

Key words: nanoparticles, whiskers, hydrothermal, dispersion, oriented growth

摘要： 纳米分散颗粒和一维晶须材料性能优越、用途广泛，是近年研究热点。液相法尤其是水热法因具有过程简单和能耗低等特点而被广泛用于制备纳米材料。首先介绍了近年来水热技术在纳米分散颗粒制备中的进展，包括超临界水热法、连续水热法以及水热改性法，并分析了其实现纳米颗粒粒径及分散性控制的原理。然后介绍了两种水热制备晶须材料的新思路，包括水热重结晶法和离子诱导-结构重整法，阐述了其实现晶须定向生长的机制。

关键词: 纳米颗粒, 晶须, 水热, 分散, 定向生长