Exergy analysis of novel pump-thermal synergistic pressurization liquid hydrogen refueling station system

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250367

Abstract

Abstract:

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles require a refueling pressure of 70 MPa, which necessitates that liquid hydrogen refueling stations incorporate both pressurization and vaporization processes. The demands of such refueling put significant pressure on liquid hydrogen pumps. This study proposes a pump-thermal synergistic pressurization system aimed at localizing core equipment. The system combines a 45 MPa liquid hydrogen pump with thermal compression to lower the pump's outlet pressure, thereby enhancing the system's feasibility and compatibility with domestic pumps. Based on the pump-heat synergistic pressurization liquid hydrogen refueling station system, a thermodynamic and exergy analysis model was constructed. Through the study of core components, refueling process and the whole system, the exergy loss and exergy efficiency of components such as liquid hydrogen pump, pressure vessel, heat exchanger and pressure control valve under different working conditions were analyzed. It has been observed that as the outlet temperature and pressure increase, the exergy efficiency of the liquid hydrogen pump decreases. Moreover, the 45 MPa liquid hydrogen pump exhibits a higher exergy efficiency compared to the 90 MPa pump. During the pump-thermal pressurization, the initial temperature and pressure significantly affect the exergy efficiency of the pressure vessel. By optimizing the component parameters, the exergy efficiency of all system components can be maintained above 0.74. This study highlights the importance of energy utilization in the novel liquid hydrogen refueling station system through exergy analysis, providing a foundation for further system optimization and performance enhancement.

Key words: liquid hydrogen refueling station, thermal compression, exergy destruction, exergy analysis, thermodynamic model, liquid hydrogen pump

摘要：

为满足70 MPa氢燃料电池汽车加注的需求，液氢加氢站多采用增压汽化工艺，但该工艺对液氢泵要求较高。为推动核心设备国产化，提出了结合45 MPa液氢泵与热压缩的泵-热协同增压系统，以降低液氢泵出口压力，提高系统可行性及国产泵的适配性。基于泵-热协同增压液氢加氢站系统，构建了热力学和㶲分析模型。通过对核心组件、加注过程及全系统的研究，分析了液氢泵、压力容器、换热器和压力控制阀等部件在不同工况下的㶲损及㶲效率。结果表明：液氢泵的㶲效率随着出口温度和压力的增加而降低，45 MPa液氢泵的㶲效率优于90 MPa液氢泵；初始温度和压力对压力容器在泵-热增压过程中的㶲效率影响显著；通过优化调整部件及其进出口参数，系统部件的㶲效率均可保持在0.74以上。通过㶲分析揭示了新型液氢加氢站系统的能量利用情况，为系统优化和性能提升提供了依据。

关键词: 液氢加氢站, 热压缩, ?损, ?分析, 热力学模型, 液氢泵

CLC Number:

TK 91

Qingwei ZHAI, Jinhui LIN, Yanfeng LI, Dongxu HAN, Xiaohua WU, Peng WANG, Yujie CHEN, Bo YU. Exergy analysis of novel pump-thermal synergistic pressurization liquid hydrogen refueling station system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(10): 5390-5401.

翟庆伟, 林锦辉, 李彦锋, 韩东旭, 吴小华, 王鹏, 陈宇杰, 宇波. 新型泵-热协同增压液氢加氢站系统㶲分析[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(10): 5390-5401.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Schematic of liquid hydrogen refueling station with pump-thermal synergistic pressurization system

Fig.2 Comparison of hydrogen temperature inside the pressure vessel during the venting process by the simulation and the experiment

Fig.3 Comparison of temperature rise in the FCEV tank and mass flow rate by the present model with H2Fills software and experimental results

Fig.4 Variations of exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of the liquid hydrogen pump under different outlet parameters

Fig.5 Variations of exergy destruction and exergy efficiency during the pump-thermal synergistic pressurization process under different pressure vessel parameters

Fig.6 Variations of exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of key components during the hydrogen refueling process under different ambient temperatures

Fig.7 Proportions of exergy loss in key components during full system operation and comparison of exergy efficiency before and after optimization

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