Research on vibration attrition of steel balls in liquid

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181025

Abstract

Abstract:

Lubrication and wear characteristics have been closely watched by the machinery industry. In this paper, relationship between attrition amount and lubricating oil characteristics was studied by attrition test of galvanized steel balls in liquid with vibrating mixer. Two kinds of vials made of Teflon (PTFE) and stainless steel were used and four kinds of liquids including synthetic lubricating oil were selected, the attrition test was carried out at different temperatures and then corresponding attrition amount was measured. The amount of attrition was obtained by different method, zeroing with standard weights was implemented to improve the accuracy of the method. From the perspective of movement of steel balls in the lubricating oil, combined with the theory of fluid mechanics, relationship between attrition amount and characteristics of lubricating oil was derived. Based on this relationship, experimental data obtained when using PFTE vials and stainless steel vials were correlated respectively. It was found that the motion of steel balls in lubricating oil was consistent when using different vials. In addition, the attrition test method proposed in this paper could be used to evaluate the lubricating performance of other lubricating oils.

Key words: attrition amount, attrition, lubricants, viscosity, model

摘要：

润滑和磨损特性一直为机械工业所密切关注。通过振动式混合机对镀锌钢球在液体中的振动磨损实验，研究了磨损量和润滑油特性之间的关系。分别选用聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）和不锈钢两种小瓶，选用合成润滑油等四种液体，在不同温度下进行钢球的振动磨损实验，测得相应的磨损量。磨损量采用差重法获得，采用标准砝码调零的称量方法来提高差重法的准确性。从钢球在润滑油中运动的角度结合流体力学理论推导了磨损量与润滑油特性的关系；根据此关系对使用聚四氟乙烯小瓶和不锈钢小瓶得到的实验数据进行了关联，发现使用不同的小瓶时小球在润滑油中的运动规律是一致的。此外，所提出的磨损实验方法可用于润滑油润滑性能的评定。

关键词: 磨损量, 磨损, 润滑油, 黏度, 模型

CLC Number:

TH 117.1

Wenxin DU, Lianying WU, Weitao ZHANG, Can CHEN, Yangdong HU. Research on vibration attrition of steel balls in liquid[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(4): 1505-1511.

杜文欣, 伍联营, 张伟涛, 陈灿, 胡仰栋. 钢球在液体中振动磨损量的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(4): 1505-1511.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Main solvents and materials used in experiment

试剂名称	规格型号	厂家
HL：全合成润滑油	10w-40	美孚公司
KL：矿物润滑油	10w-40	MOTUL公司
溶剂油120#	沸程80~120℃	齐鲁石化公司
丙三醇	分析纯	天津博迪化工股份有限公司
乙二醇	分析纯	国药集团化学试剂有限公司
硅酸铝保温棉	厚度30 mm	内蒙古鲁阳节能材料有限公司
玻璃棉	厚度30 mm	廊坊聚恒保温材料有限公司
去离子水	电阻率大于0.5MΩ·cm	自制
镀锌钢球	直径10 mm，误差0.03 mm	山东菏泽钱潮钢球厂
聚四氟乙烯小瓶	体积150 ml	江阴市西石桥精英玻璃制品厂
不锈钢小瓶	体积150 ml	深圳卡博杯业有限公司

Table 2 Main test instruments and equipments used in experiment

仪器名称	型号规格	厂家
SO400振动式混合机	输出功率750 W；振动速度：最高720 r/min	上海苏凯化工有限公司
电子天平	最大量程120 g；分度值0.1 mg	赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司
HH-4数显恒温水浴锅	控温精度0.1℃	常州丹瑞实验仪器设备有限公司
DZF-6051型真空干燥箱	温度范围0~250℃，真空度<133 Pa	上海精宏实验设备有限公司
DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器	加热功率500 W；搅拌速度0~2600 r/min	河南予华仪器有限公司

Fig.1 SO400 vibrating mixer

Table 3 Specification of standard weights

规格	误差/mg	数量
1 mg	0.06	1
2 mg	0.06	2
5 mg	0.06	1
10 mg	0.08	1
20 mg	0.1	2
50 mg	0.12	1
100 mg	0.15	1
200 mg	0.2	2
500 mg	0.25	1
1 g	0.3	1
5 g	0.5	1
100 g	1.5	1

Table 4 Mass of steel balls before and after vibration and attrition amounts of steel balls

次数	编号	振动前质量 /g	振动后质量/g	磨损量/g
第一次	①	106.2943	106.2202	0.0741
	②	106.3852	106.3096	0.0756
	③	106.3992	106.3259	0.0733
	④	106.3591	106.2891	0.0700
	⑤	106.4294	106.3566	0.0728
	⑥	106.5685	106.4965	0.0720
平均值				0.0731
第二次	①	106.5397	106.4666	0.0731
	②	106.2830	106.2138	0.0692
	③	106.4230	106.3484	0.0737
	④	106.4033	106.3304	0.0729
	⑤	106.5304	106.4491	0.0813
平均值	⑥	106.3262	106.2541	0.0721 0.0730

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of small ball movement

Table 5 Kinematic viscosity of lubricating oil and attrition amount of steel balls at different temperatures in two vials

小瓶	液体	温度/℃	运动黏度/(mm²/s)	磨损量/mg
聚四氟乙烯小瓶	甘油	20.0	950.0	31.6
	甘油	22.5	767.5	33.0
	甘油	25.0	615.9	42.0
	甘油	27.5	499.2	47.0
	甘油	30.0	405.6	49.0
	HL	31.9	143.3	71.6
	HL	49.6	69.68	84.7
	HL	64.0	42.63	92.2
	HL	76.1	29.89	102.0
	HL	99.3	16.86	103.0
	HL	105.8	14.65	108.6
	KL	32.8	138.3	74.7
	KL	49.55	65.99	92.0
	KL	65.8	36.79	97.5
	KL	80.0	23.88	102.5
	KL	97.0	15.44	106.8
	KL 乙二醇	110.5 40.0	11.47 1.030	113.6 144.4
不锈钢小瓶	甘油	100.5	15.53	125.5
	甘油	127.8	7.900	132.0
	甘油	164.3	4.100	137.2
	甘油	190.8	2.870	144.7
	甘油甘油	201.5 230.0	2.530 1.940	150.6 156.1

Fig.3 Relationship between attrition amount and kinematic viscosity when using Teflon vials

Fig.4 Relationship between attrition amount and kinematic viscosity when using stainless steel vials

Table 6 Fitting results of relationship between wear attrition amount and kinematic viscosity

序号	a	b	c	拟合关系	相关度	平均相对误差/%	最大相对误差/%
①	221.65	78.96	0.129	$w = 221.65 - 78.96 ν 0.129$	0.994	7.9	2.44
②	121.07	-66.21	-0.94	$w = 121.07 + 66.21 ν - 0.94$	0.987	0.80	1.2
③	236.98	78.96	0.129	$w = 236.98 - 78.96 ν 0.129$	0.900	2.0	3.6
④	77.52	-66.21	-0.94	$w = 77.52 + 66.21 ν - 0.94$	0.340	17.42	145.6

Table 6 Fitting results of relationship between wear attrition amount and kinematic viscosity

序号	a	b	c	拟合关系	相关度	平均相对误差/%	最大相对误差/%
①	221.65	78.96	0.129	$w = 221.65 - 78.96 ν 0.129$	0.994	7.9	2.44
②	121.07	-66.21	-0.94	$w = 121.07 + 66.21 ν - 0.94$	0.987	0.80	1.2
③	236.98	78.96	0.129	$w = 236.98 - 78.96 ν 0.129$	0.900	2.0	3.6
④	77.52	-66.21	-0.94	$w = 77.52 + 66.21 ν - 0.94$	0.340	17.42	145.6

Fig.5 Relationship between attrition amount and temperature

Fig.6 Attrition amounts of different liquids at different temperatures

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