Failure analysis of weak connection structure of vaulted oil tank under fire condition

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200030

Abstract

Abstract:

The vaulted oil tank fails to explode after being roasted by external flames, which may cause serious casualties and huge economic losses. To warn the failure and explosion of vaulted oil tank under fire condition, through the high temperature material mechanical performance experiment platform, the weak connection structure of the vaulted oil tank is tested for destruction. The breaking force and stress values of weak connection structure failure under different fire temperature conditions are obtained. The results show that when the temperature is higher than 300℃, the values of pulling force and failure stress change significantly, of which 450℃ is the peak temperature. Furthermore, the failure pressure of 1 m³ vaulted oil tank under different temperature conditions was tested by establishing failure test platform for small-sized vaulted oil tank. The comparison between the calculated and experimental results shows the accuracy of the failure pressure of 1 m³ vaulted oil tank. On this basis, the failure pressure calculation model of vaulted oil tank was constructed, and the failure pressure of vaulted oil tank with different volume under different fire temperature was deduced. The results can be used as the criterion for the failure of vaulted oil tank to provide data support for the explosion warning for vaulted oil tank.

Key words: vaulted oil tank, weak connection structure, thermodynamics, safety, explosions

摘要：

拱顶油罐受外部火焰烘烤发生失效爆炸，易造成严重人员伤亡和巨大经济损失。为对火灾条件下拱顶油罐的失效爆炸进行预警，通过高温材料力学性能实验平台对拱顶油罐弱连接结构进行破坏测试，得出不同火灾温度条件下弱连接结构失效的拉断力和应力值。实验结果表明，当温度高于300℃时，拉断力和失效应力值变化显著，其中450℃为变化峰值温度。在此基础上，构建了拱顶油罐失效压力计算模型，推导出了不同容积拱顶油罐在不同火灾温度下的失效压力。所得结果可作为拱顶油罐失效的判定依据，为油罐的爆炸预警提供数据支撑。

关键词: 拱顶油罐, 弱连接结构, 热力学, 安全, 爆炸

CLC Number:

TE 972.1

Yu LI, Chunming XU, Shuai HAN, Hongye LI. Failure analysis of weak connection structure of vaulted oil tank under fire condition[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(7): 3372-3378.

李玉, 徐春明, 韩帅, 李鸿烨. 火灾条件下拱顶油罐弱连接结构的失效分析[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 3372-3378.

Figures/Tables 12

References 29

1	顾国. 立式储罐罐顶壁厚计算及弱顶结构分析[J]. 云南化工, 2017, 44(6): 63-65.
	Gu G. Calculation of top wall thickness and analysis of weak top structure of vertical tank [J]. Yunnan Chemical Industry, 2017, 44(6): 63-65.
2	杨君涛, 魏东, 张学魁, 等. 着火油罐燃烧特性的理论分析[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2006, 27(1): 151-154.
	Yang J T, Wei D, Zhang X K, et al. Theoretical analysis of combustion characteristics of oil tanks on fire[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2006, 27(1): 151-154.
3	巩建鸣, 涂善东, 牛蕴. 火灾环境下液化气球罐力学响应的有限元分析与安全评价[J]. 压力容器, 2003, 20(4): 6-9.
	Gong J M, Tu S D, Niu Y. Finite element analysis and safety evaluation of mechanical response of liquefied spherical tank in fire environment [J]. Pressure Vessel, 2003, 20(4): 6-9.
4	康青春, 姜自清, 连旦军, 等. 灭火救援行动安全[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2015: 173-175.
	Kang Q C, Jiang Z Q, Lian D J, et al. Fire Fighting and Rescue Operation Safety[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2015: 173-175.
5	徐英, 杨一凡, 朱萍, 等. 球罐和大型储罐[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2004: 51-54.
	Xu Y, Yang Y F, Zhu P, et al. Sphere and Large Storage Tank[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2004: 51-54.
6	杨光辉. 大型油罐火灾爆炸危害性研究[D]. 东营: 中国石油大学, 2007.
	Yang G H. Research on the fire and explosion endangerment of the large-scale oil can[D]. Dongying: China University of Petroleum, 2007.
7	张博一, 李前程, 王伟, 等. 大型浮顶储油罐爆炸动力响应及破坏机理[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2014, 46(10): 23-30.
	Zhang B Y, Li Q C, Wang W, et al. Dynamic response and failure mechanism of the large floating roof oil tanks under blast loading[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2014, 46(10): 23-30.
8	赵焱. 池火灾场景下拱顶油罐爆炸预测与动力响应数值模拟[D]. 鞍山: 辽宁科技大学, 2019.
	Zhao Y. Numerical simulation of explosion prediction and dynamic response of dome roof oil tank under pool fire[D]. Anshan: Liaoning University of Science and Technology, 2019.
9	徐祥娜. 固定顶储罐结构破坏理论方法研究[D]. 大庆: 东北石油大学, 2012.
	Xu X N. Study on structural failure theory and method of fixed roof tank[D]. Daqing: Northeast Petroleum University, 2012.
10	万昊天. 固定顶储罐弱壁防护结构设计及优化研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2015.
	Wan H T. Design and optimization of weak wall protection structure of fixed roof tank[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2015.
11	赵敏伟. 储罐事故泄压及弱顶结构的国内外规范研究[J]. 广东化工, 2018, 45(17): 161-164.
	Zhao M W. Study on domestic and foreign specifications of tank accident relief and weak roof structure[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2018, 45(17): 161-164.
12	许蕴博. 10³—10⁴ m³立式拱顶储罐结构应力分析与弱顶结构评价[D]. 大庆: 东北石油大学, 2011.
	Xu Y B. Structural stress analysis and weak roof structure evaluation of 10³—10⁴ m³ vertical dome roof storage tank[D]. Daqing: Northeast Petroleum University, 2011.
13	丁宇奇. 立式拱顶储罐超压破坏机理与弱顶结构研究[D]. 大庆: 东北石油大学, 2014.
	Ding Y Q. Study on overpressure failure mechanism and weak roof structure of vertical dome roof storage tank[D]. Daqing: Northeast Petroleum University, 2014.
14	吴晓滨. 拱顶油罐顶壁连接处承载截面的合理计算[J]. 化工设备与管道, 2010, 47(4): 6-8.
	Wu X B. Reasonable calculation of bearing section at the top wall connection of dome roof oil tank[J]. Chemical Equipment and Pipeline, 2010, 47(4): 6-8.
15	邱水才. 拱顶罐的弱顶结构失效分析[J]. 广东化工, 2018, 46(23): 128-130.
	Qiu S C. Failure analysis of weak roof structure of dome roof tank[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2018, 46(23): 128-130.
16	徐磊. 弱顶结构立式拱顶油罐爆炸超压评估研究[J]. 天然气与石油, 2017, 35(6): 117-122.
	Xu L. Study on overpressure evaluation of vertical dome roof tank with weak roof structure[J]. Natural Gas and Oil, 2017, 35(6): 117-122.
17	Kala Z, Gottvald J, Stoniš J, et al. Sensitivity analysis of the stress state in shell courses of welded tanks for oil storage[J]. Statybinäs Konstrukcijos ir Technologijos, 2014, 6(1): 7-12.
18	Kala Z, Gottvald J, Stonis J, et al. Sensitivity analysis of stress state of welded tanks[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015, 769: 3-8.
19	Tarasenko A A, Chepur P V. Aspects of the joint operation of a ring foundation and a soil bed with zones of inhomogeneity present[J]. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 2016, 53(4):238-243.
20	Shi L, Shuai J, Wang X, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of stress in a large-scale steel tank with a floating roof[J]. Thin Walled Structures, 2017, 117: 25-34.
21	Ziólko J, Supernak E, Mikulski T. Stresses in the zone of process openings in the shell of a vertical cylindrical steel tank[J]. Steel Construction, 2010, 3(1): 42-48.
22	Yasin E M, Rasshchepkin K E. The upper zones stability of vertical cylindrical tanks for oil-products storage[J]. Oil Industry, 2008, 3: 57-59.
23	Zióko J, Mikulski T, Supernak E. Deformations of the steel shell of a vertical cylindrical tank caused by underpressure[J]. Steel Construction, 2016, 9(1): 33-36.
24	Yoshida S， Kuroda S, Uejima H, et al. Simulation for a floating roof behavior of cylindrical storage tank due to wind load(sloshing response analysis)[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C, 2013, 79(799): 669-680.
25	韦世豪, 杜扬, 王世茂, 等. 储油条件下拱顶油罐的油气爆炸实验[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2017, 13(9): 152-157.
	Wei S H, Du Y, Wang S M, et al. Experiments on gasoline-air mixture explosion in dome roof oil tank with oil storage[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2017, 13(9): 152-157.
26	丁宇奇, 刘巨保, 武铜柱, 等. 基于三维模型的立式拱顶储罐应力分析与弱顶影响因素分析[J]. 压力容器, 2011, 28(12): 11-17.
	Ding Y Q, Liu J B, Wu T Z, et al. Stress analysis of vertical dome tank and influencing factors analysis of weak roof based on three -dimensional model [J]. Pressure Vessel Technology, 2011, 28(12): 11-17.
27	杨义旻, 夏登友, 李玉. 火灾环境对雷达精密测距技术影响研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2019, 38(2): 246-249.
	Yang Y M, Xia D Y, Li Y. Research on the impact of fire environment on radar precision ranging technology[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2019, 38(2): 246-249.
28	李鸿烨. 拱顶油罐热力学响应行为及失效研究[D]. 廊坊: 中国人民武装警察部队学院, 2019.
	Li H Y. Study on thermal response behavior and failure of dome roof oil tank[D]. Langfang: Chinese People s Armed Police Force College, 2019.
29	孟策. 火灾条件下拱顶油罐弱连接结构的力学响应和失效判定[D]. 廊坊: 中国人民武装警察部队学院, 2018.
	Meng C. Mechanical response and invalidation determination of weak connection structure of vault under fire condition[D]. Langfang: Chinese People s Armed Police Force College, 2018.

温度/℃	拉断力/kN		应力值/MPa
温度/℃	垂直试件	水平试件	垂直试件	水平试件
20	34.24	34.48	428	431
50	33.1	33.44	414	418
100	31.96	32.5	400	406
150	30.88	31.52	386	394
200	30.51	31.31	381	391
250	29.52	30.38	369	380
300	28.8	29.68	360	371
350	26.14	26.96	327	337
400	23.76	24.46	297	306
450	20.48	21.04	256	263
500	18.44	18.7	231	234
550	16.19	16.12	202	201
600	14.56	15.04	182	188

温度/℃	拉断力/kN		应力值/MPa
温度/℃	垂直试件	水平试件	垂直试件	水平试件
20	34.24	34.48	428	431
50	33.1	33.44	414	418
100	31.96	32.5	400	406
150	30.88	31.52	386	394
200	30.51	31.31	381	391
250	29.52	30.38	369	380
300	28.8	29.68	360	371
350	26.14	26.96	327	337
400	23.76	24.46	297	306
450	20.48	21.04	256	263
500	18.44	18.7	231	234
550	16.19	16.12	202	201
600	14.56	15.04	182	188

容积/m3	失效压力/Pa
容积/m3	20℃	100℃	200℃	300℃	400℃	450℃	500℃	550℃	600℃
500	38610	36118	34428	32559	26954	23305	21081	18500	16721
1000	25955	24292	23164	21916	18174	15738	14253	12531	11343
2000	15600	14616	13949	13211	10998	9558	8680	7662	6959
3000	11683	10956	10463	9917	8282	7218	6569	5816	5297
5000	9558	8970	8571	8129	6806	5944	5419	4809	4389
10000	8035	7547	7216	6851	5754	5039	4604	4099	3751

容积/m3	失效压力/Pa
容积/m3	20℃	100℃	200℃	300℃	400℃	450℃	500℃	550℃	600℃
500	38610	36118	34428	32559	26954	23305	21081	18500	16721
1000	25955	24292	23164	21916	18174	15738	14253	12531	11343
2000	15600	14616	13949	13211	10998	9558	8680	7662	6959
3000	11683	10956	10463	9917	8282	7218	6569	5816	5297
5000	9558	8970	8571	8129	6806	5944	5419	4809	4389
10000	8035	7547	7216	6851	5754	5039	4604	4099	3751

容积/m3	失效压力/Pa
	20℃			400℃			600℃
	a	b	偏差	a	b	偏差	a	b	偏差
500	38610	39052	1%	26954	27099	0.5%	16721	16606	0.6%
1000	25955	26402	1%	18174	18321	0.8%	11343	11227	1%
2000	15600	16076	3%	10998	11155	1%	6959	6836	1%
3000	11683	12163	4%	8282	8440	2%	5297	5172	2%
5000	9558	10033	5%	6806	6962	2%	4389	4266	3%
10000	8035	8523	6%	5754	5914	3%	3751	3624	3%