Abstract:

The separation of monovalent and divalent inorganic salts in mixed solution is in great demand in many industrial fields. Nanofiltration is an emerging method for separating monovalent/divalent inorganic salt solutions with potential advantages in economy and operability. In this paper, the main viewpoints of ion transfer mechanism in nanofiltration membrane were introduced, and the impacts of some key issues, such as hydrated ions size, membrane structure, hydrated ion-water-membrane interaction and feed composition, on ions transfer process were analyzed. Next, the methods of high flux NF membrane preparation and high selectivity NF membrane preparation were introduced. After that, the application of nanofiltration in monovalent/divalent inorganic salt solution separation fields, such as resource exploitation, chlor-alkali brine desulfate, wastewater treatment, water softening and heavy metal ion removal were introduced. At last, the problems in the previous works were analyzed, and the development prospects of this field were given.

Key words: nanofiltration, membranes, inorganic salt separation, aqueous solution

摘要：

一价和二价无机盐混合物溶液的分离在众多工业领域需求巨大，纳滤（NF）是新兴的一价/二价无机盐溶液分离方法，在经济性和可操作性上具有潜在优势。本文首先介绍了NF膜中离子跨膜传递机理的主流观点，分析了水合离子尺寸、膜结构、水合离子-水-膜相互作用以及进料液组成对离子跨膜传递过程的影响。接着介绍了高通量NF膜和高选择性NF膜的制备方法。并且概述了NF过程分离一价/二价无机盐溶液在资源开采、氯碱盐水脱硝、含盐废水处理、水软化和重金属离子去除领域的应用。分析了已有工作中存在的问题，并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。

关键词: 纳滤, 膜, 无机盐分离, 水溶液