Research progress on the effect of mechanical pressure on the performance of lithium batteries

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210145

Abstract

Abstract:

During the charging and discharging process of the lithium battery, due to the intercalation/extraction or deposition/stripping of lithium ions, the continuous growth of the SEI film and the occurrence of gas production will cause the battery to generate internal pressure. Pressure can affect the performance of lithium batteries through interface effects. This paper reviews the research progress of the effect and influence mechanism of pressure on the performance of lithium batteries, including the interface resistance, the deformation of the material, and the cyclic and rate performance of the batteries. Furthermore, the paper brings on the prospect of the improvement of battery using pressure and tries to provide some references to the research in this area.

Key words: lithium batteries, battery pressure, electrolyte, mechanical properties, lithium metal anode, interface, elasticity

摘要：

锂电池在充放电过程中，由于锂离子的嵌入/脱出或沉积/剥离，SEI膜持续生长及产气等副反应的发生会造成电池产生内压。压力能够通过界面作用影响锂电池的各项性能。回顾并总结了近年来压力，包括电池内压及外加压力对锂电池性能影响的研究。从压力作用下电池材料的形变、界面阻抗及金属锂负极的沉积模式及电池的循环和倍率性能的改变等角度出发，详细介绍了压力对锂电池隔膜及电解质、插层电极材料、合金电极材料及锂金属电极性能的影响及作用机理。同时对合理利用压力改善电池性能以及相关锂电池的设计策略进行展望，为从事相关研发的工作者提供一些借鉴。

关键词: 锂电池, 电池压力, 电解质, 力学性能, 金属锂负极, 界面, 弹性

CLC Number:

TQ 028.8

CUI Jin,SHI Chuan,ZHAO Jinbao. Research progress on the effect of mechanical pressure on the performance of lithium batteries[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(7): 3511-3523.

崔锦,石川,赵金保. 机械压力对锂电池性能影响的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(7): 3511-3523.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Stress-strain schematic demarcating domains of elastic, plastic, and densification characteristics for a foam-based separator[21-22]

Fig.2 Alternating current (AC) impedance spectra (a) and resistance (b) of the separators under 0—3 MPa[25]

Fig.3 Variation of bulk and interfacial impedance with stack pressure of a typical Li/PEO-LiTFSI/Li cell during cycling at 0.1 mA·cm-2 at 60℃ (a), 80℃ (b) and 100℃ (c) [43]

Fig.4 Nyquist plots of LPSC symmetry cells[46]

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the constraint fixture used to maintain and measure compressive stack stress (a); Stack stress evolution as a function of cycle number. Changes in the initial stack pressure have a profound effect on the nature of the subsequent stress evolution in the cell (b)[53]

Fig.6 Electrochemical performance and CE of solid-state nano-Si composite anodes cycled at a rate of C/20 under compressive pressures of 3, 150 and 230 MPa (a); Specific charge (delithiation) capacity retention as a percentage of initial specific capacity (b) [58]

Fig.7 Structural evolution of the Li metal anode in high-energy Li metal pouch cells[80]

Fig.8 Schematic illustration of the dynamic changes at the Li/LLZO interface during repeated Li dissolution/deposition cycles[83]

Fig.9 The potential response to a constant current density at varying stack pressures(a); Comparison of the pressure-induced strain rate and the current-induced strain rate for cycling at 0.1 mA·cm-2 (b) [84]

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