Nucleation, growth and inhibition of lithium dendrites

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211241

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium metal battery has a higher theoretical specific capacity and the lowest oxidation-reduction potential, which is one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices. However, some key problems caused by the lithium dendrites on the metal lithium anode seriously hinder its practical application. This article first introduces the mechanisms of multi-morphology lithium dendrites nucleation and growth with the four factors of ion concentration, electric field, stress and temperature. Some advanced techniques for characterizing lithium dendrites are summarized. Several feasible strategies for inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites are introduced, including lithium-philic surface electrodes and heterogeneous crystal nuclei that control the nucleation of lithium dendrites, three-dimensional conductive substrates and physical coatings that control the growth of lithium dendrites, and nanostructured electrolytes with fixed anions and water-in-salt electrolyte forming spherical lithium deposits. Finally, some challenges and prospects are put forward, and the future research direction of lithium dendrites is clarified.

Key words: lithium dendrites, crystallization, nucleation, growth, control

摘要：

锂金属电池具有较高的理论比容量和最低的氧化还原电位，被认为是最有前途的电化学储能器件之一。然而，金属锂阳极上的锂枝晶所引起的一些关键问题严重阻碍了其实际应用。首先从离子浓度、电场、应力、温度四方面因素介绍了多形貌锂枝晶成核和生长机理；同时，总结了一些用于表征锂枝晶的先进技术；并归纳了抑制锂枝晶形成的策略，包括控制锂枝晶成核的亲锂表面电极、非均相晶核，控制锂枝晶生长的三维导电基体、物理涂层，以及具有固定阴离子的纳米结构电解质和形成球形锂沉积的盐包水电解质。最后提出了挑战和展望，探讨了锂枝晶的未来研究方向。

关键词: 锂枝晶, 结晶, 成核, 生长, 控制

CLC Number:

TQ 028.5

Shanshan FENG, Xiaobin LIU, Shilin GUO, Bingbing HE, Zhenguo GAO, Mingyang CHEN, Junbo GONG. Nucleation, growth and inhibition of lithium dendrites[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(1): 97-109.

丰闪闪, 刘晓斌, 郭石麟, 何兵兵, 高振国, 陈明洋, 龚俊波. 锂枝晶的成核、生长与抑制[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(1): 97-109.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the growth process of dendrites

Fig.2 Morphologies of Li dendrites

Fig.3 SEM images of temperature-dependent dendritic growth[11]

Fig.4 Summary of the driving forces, influencing factors and physical fields of the formation of whisker-like, mossy-like and tree-like lithium dendrites

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of dendrite morphology

Fig.6 Main methods of inhibiting lithium dendrites

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