Abstract:

Solar energy is a kind of sustainable energy, however, its random and intermittent fluctuation characteristics restrict its large-scale and high permeable applications. In this paper, based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of wind power and light, and through the data mining and integration from the databases of the international Meteorological Organization and space agencies, the frequency spectrum analysis and filtering analysis are applied to reveal that both wind power and photovoltaic power have daily (24 h) and annual (8760 h) fluctuation cycles. The phase differences between the wind energy and the solar energy fluctuation period are pointed out, which constitutes the scientific basis for energy complementarity to suppress the fluctuation. The data analysis of several regions in north and northwest China shows that the phase difference between wind energy and solar energy is around 7 hours daily and around 5 months annually. The coupling of the wind energy and the solar energy alleviates the individual energy fluctuation. Therefore, the design criteria and model of capacity configuration of large-scale stable wind-photovoltaic power to hydrogen production and supply system were established, and appropriate battery sets and hydrogen storage tanks were selected to achieve 7500 t/a hydrogen supply. The unit cost of hydrogen production of the system is 25.5 CNY/kg H₂, which is significantly lower than the cost of hydrogen production from wind or photovoltaic energy alone; the CO₂ emission intensity of the system is 2.34 kg CO₂/kg H₂, which is superior to the uncomplementary coupled solar hydrogen production system.

Key words: solar energy, wind-photovoltaic energy coupling, data mining, multi-scale modeling, hydrogen production, integration

摘要：

太阳能是一种可持续的能源，然而其随机和间歇的波动特性制约了其大规模高渗透率应用。从分析风力和光照的基础特性出发，通过国际气象组织和航天机构的数据库中挖掘和整合数据，运用频谱分析、滤波分析，揭示了风能与光能均存在日(24 h)和年(8760 h)的波动周期；并指明了风能和光能波动周期的相位差，构成了风光能互补以平抑波动性的科学基础。对我国北方和西北多个地区的数据分析表明，当地风能与光能之间的日周期波动相位差为7个多小时，年周期波动相位差为5个多月，风能和光能的耦合对单独能源的波动具有平抑效果。由此构建了大规模稳定性风光耦合制氢供氢系统的容量配置设计准则，选用合适的蓄电池组和储氢罐，实现供氢波动率在10%以下，供氢规模达7500吨/年。该系统的单位制氢成本为25.5 CNY/kg H₂，显著低于单独风能或单独光能制氢的成本；CO₂排放强度为2.34 kg CO₂/kg H₂，优于未互补耦合的太阳能制氢系统。

关键词: 太阳能, 风能光能耦合, 数据挖掘, 多尺度建模, 制氢, 集成