Study on the effect of Ni-P-PTFE composite coating on the deposition characteristics of particulate fouling

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220909

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effect of Ni-P-PTFE composite coating on particle fouling characteristics, the Ni-P-PTFE composite coating was prepared on the surface of carbon steel by electroless plating process. Taking TiO₂ nanoparticles as the research object, the particle fouling deposition characteristics of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings in TiO₂ suspensions under different surface energies (PTFE concentrations) were studied through experiments and theoretical analysis. The results show that the Ni-P-PTFE composite coating has better inhibition effect on TiO₂ particulate deposition compared with carbon steel. With the increase of PTFE concentration, the surface energy of the composite coating decreases and the fouling deposition tends to decrease. The deposition of TiO₂ particulate fouling in the Ni-P-PTFE composite coating is the smallest at the surface energy of 26.8 mJ/m² (PTFE=12 ml/L). The experimental results are consistent with the optimal surface energy results calculated by the extended DLVO theory, and also provide a guiding basis for the anti-fouling of different types of particles deposited on heat exchange surfaces.

Key words: fouling, composite coating, surface energy, particle, surface

摘要：

为探究Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层对颗粒污垢沉积特性的影响，利用化学镀工艺在碳钢表面制备Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层，以TiO₂纳米颗粒为研究对象，通过实验和理论分析的方式研究了不同表面能（PTFE浓度）下Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层在TiO₂悬浮液中的颗粒污垢沉积特性。结果表明：相比于碳钢试样，Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层对于TiO₂颗粒沉积具有较好的抑制效果。随着PTFE浓度的增加，复合镀层的表面能降低，污垢沉积量呈下降趋势，在表面能为26.8 mJ/m²（PTFE=12 ml/L）时，TiO₂颗粒污垢在Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层的沉积量最小。实验结果与应用扩展的DLVO理论计算出的最佳表面能结果相一致，也为针对不同类型颗粒在换热表面的沉积的抑垢提供了指导施镀的依据。

关键词: 结垢, 复合镀层, 表面能, 粒子, 表面

CLC Number:

TK 124

Jingtao WANG, Fanfu SONG, Zhiming XU, Yuting JIA. Study on the effect of Ni-P-PTFE composite coating on the deposition characteristics of particulate fouling[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4594-4602.

王景涛, 宋凡福, 徐志明, 贾玉婷. Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层对颗粒污垢沉积特性影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4594-4602.

Figures/Tables 17

Table 1 Bath formulations of Ni-P-PTFE

配方	物质	浓度
主盐	硫酸镍	25 g/L
还原剂	次亚磷酸钠	30 g/L
缓冲剂	无水乙酸钠	10 g/L
加速剂	氨基乙酸(甘氨酸)	4 g/L
络合剂	柠檬酸钠	6 g/L
络合剂	乳酸	20 g/L
纳米粒子	PTFE	8~14 ml/L
稳定剂	碘化钾	10 ml/L
表面活性剂	FC-4（全氟辛基季铵碘化物）	0.2 g/L

Fig.1 Surface morphology of carbon steel

Fig.2 Surface morphology of Ni-P-PTFE composite coating

Table 2 Ni-P-PTFE composite coating sample element mass percentage

元素	质量分数/%
P	8.5
Ni	65
F	11.17
C	13.13
O	1.88
Fe	0.32

Table 3 The surface energy of the liquid［28］

测试液体	表面能/(mJ/m²)
测试液体	γ^L	γ^LW	γ^AB	γ⁺	γ^-
水	72.8	21.8	51.0	25.5	25.5
二碘甲烷	50.8	50.8	0	0	0
乙二醇	48.0	29.0	419.0	1.9	47.0

Table 4 Surface energy of carbon steel and Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings at different concentrations of PTFE

表面	PTFE浓度/(ml/L)	$θ W$ /(°)	$θ D i$ / (°)	$θ E G$ / (°)	$γ L W$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ +$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ -$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ T O T$ / (mJ/m²)
碳钢		82.8	50.6	62.2	33.9	0.004	8.22	34.0
镀层1	8	85.7	59.5	74.7	28.9	0.2	10.5	31.8
镀层2	10	93.1	62.1	79.4	27.3	0.2	5.9	29.6
镀层3	12	94.7	65.0	71.0	25.7	0.1	2.5	26.8
镀层4	14	99.8	68.0	82.4	24.0	0.05	2.8	24.7

Table 4 Surface energy of carbon steel and Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings at different concentrations of PTFE

表面	PTFE浓度/(ml/L)	$θ W$ /(°)	$θ D i$ / (°)	$θ E G$ / (°)	$γ L W$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ +$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ -$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ T O T$ / (mJ/m²)
碳钢		82.8	50.6	62.2	33.9	0.004	8.22	34.0
镀层1	8	85.7	59.5	74.7	28.9	0.2	10.5	31.8
镀层2	10	93.1	62.1	79.4	27.3	0.2	5.9	29.6
镀层3	12	94.7	65.0	71.0	25.7	0.1	2.5	26.8
镀层4	14	99.8	68.0	82.4	24.0	0.05	2.8	24.7

Table 5 Parameters of TiO2 nanoparticles

种类

平均

粒径/nm

纯度/%

比表面积/（m²/g)

密度/

(g/cm³)

TiO₂

Fig.3 Flow test platform

Fig.4 Macroscopic morphology of carbon steel and Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings before and after experiments

Fig.5 Microstructure of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings before and after experiment

Fig.6 Fouling deposition of carbon steel and Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings

Fig.7 Comparison of fouling deposition between Ni-P-PTFE composite coating and carbon steel

Fig.8 Effect of PTFE concentration on surface energy of coatings

Fig.9 Fouling deposition of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings under different surface energy (PTFE concentration)

Fig.10 Fouling deposition on the surface of composite coatings under different PTFE concentrations under flow conditions

Fig.11 Fouling deposition of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings under different surface energy

Table 6 Surface energy of TiO2（40 nm）

$γ S L W$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S +$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S -$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S$ /(mJ/m²)
31.73	0.08	35.14	35.08

Table 6 Surface energy of TiO2（40 nm）

$γ S L W$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S +$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S -$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S$ /(mJ/m²)
31.73	0.08	35.14	35.08

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