Combining paraffin@silica nanocapsules with carbon fiber to develop a phase change thermal interface material for efficient heat dissipation

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221420

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermal interface materials containing phase change materials, namely phase change thermal interface materials (PCTIMs), can directly relieve the impact of high heat flux on chip through the heat absorption. Incorporating phase change capsules and thermally conductive fillers into polymeric matrix is expected to develop the PCTIMs with good thermal reliability. In this work, the paraffin@silica nanocapsules were synthesized, followed by combining with carbon fiber, to develop polydimethylsiloxane based PCTIMs. A series of the PCTIMs were fabricated at different loadings of the nanocapsules and carbon fiber, and their phase change characteristics, thermal conductivity and hardness were measured, followed by evaluating their performance for chip heat dissipation. It is found that, the increase in mass fraction of carbon fiber resulted in the increment in both thermal conductivity and hardness for the PCTIMs, while the increase in mass fraction of the paraffin@silica nanocapsules resulted in the increment in latent heat as well as the decrease in hardness for the PCTIMs, all of which influenced the heat dissipation performance of the PCTIMs. The synergistic effects between the paraffin@silica nanocapsules and the carbon fiber make the PCTIM containing 34%(mass) of the nanocapsules and 9%(mass) of the carbon fiber achieve the best heat dissipation performance among all the prepared PCTIM samples. Moreover, the optimal PCTIM also exhibited excellent thermal reliability, thus showing potential in practical applications.

Key words: phase change thermal interface materials, nanocapsules, carbon fiber, polydimethylsiloxane, chip heat dissipation

摘要：

含有相变材料的热界面材料（即相变热界面材料）可借助相变材料的吸热来直接缓解高热通量对芯片造成的冲击。将相变胶囊与导热填料复配引入聚合物基料有望获得可靠性好的相变热界面材料。将石蜡@二氧化硅纳米胶囊与碳纤维复配，制备了一系列含不同质量分数碳纤维和纳米相变胶囊的聚二甲基硅氧烷基相变热界面材料样品，测定了它们的相变特性、热导率和硬度，并将它们分别用于模拟芯片散热来评价其应用性能。结果表明，碳纤维含量的增大致使相变热界面材料样品的热导率和硬度上升，而纳米相变胶囊含量的上升带来相变热界面材料的熔化焓上升及硬度下降，从而都对相变热界面材料的散热性能产生影响。石蜡@二氧化硅纳米胶囊和碳纤维的协同作用致使在所有制备的样品中纳米胶囊含量34%（质量）和碳纤维含量9%（质量）的相变热界面材料取得了最佳散热性能。此外，该相变热界面材料还具有优异的热可靠性，因而具备应用前景。

关键词: 相变热界面材料, 纳米胶囊, 碳纤维, 聚二甲基硅氧烷, 芯片散热

CLC Number:

TB 34

Chi YIN, Zhengguo ZHANG, Ziye LING, Xiaoming FANG. Combining paraffin@silica nanocapsules with carbon fiber to develop a phase change thermal interface material for efficient heat dissipation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1795-1804.

尹驰, 张正国, 凌子夜, 方晓明. 含石蜡@二氧化硅纳米胶囊和碳纤维的相变热界面材料及其散热性能[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(4): 1795-1804.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Schematic diagram for preparing PA@SiO2 nanocapsules (a) and PCTIM (b)

Table 1 Mass fractions of the components in the PCTIMs

样品	PA@SiO₂/%	CF/%	PDMS/%
18Ne-6CF	18	6	76
18Ne-8CF	18	8	74
18Ne-9CF	18	9	73
18Ne-10CF	18	10	72
26Ne-6CF	26	6	68
26Ne-8CF	26	8	66
26Ne-9CF	26	9	65
26Ne-10CF	26	10	64
34Ne-6CF	34	6	60
34Ne-8CF	34	8	58
34Ne-9CF	34	9	57
34Ne-10CF	34	10	56

Fig.2 Experimental set-up for evaluating heat dissipation performance of PCTIM

Fig.3 SEM (a) and TEM (b) images of PA@SiO2 nanocapsules, together with FT-IR spectra (c) and XRD patterns (d) of PA, SiO2 and PA@SiO2 nanocapsules

Fig.4 DSC curves of PA and the PA@SiO2 nanocapsules before and after experiencing 100 heating-cooling cycles

Table 2 Phase change characteristics of PA and PA@SiO2 nanocapsules

样品	T_m/℃	T_f/℃	H_m/(J/g)	H_f/(J/g)
PA	69.70	71.38	192.8	180.1
PA@SiO₂	68.98	73.77	136.0	134.2
PA@SiO₂（100th）	69.15	73.79	135.0	134.1

Fig.5 Cross-section SEM images of the PDMS based PCTIM samples containing different mass fractions of CF and PA@SiO2 nanocapsules

Fig.6 FT-IR spectra of CF, PA@SiO2 nanocapsules, PDMS and PCTIM (34Ne-9CF)

Fig.7 Melting point (a), melting enthalpy (b), thermal conductivity (c) and hardness (d) of the PDMS based PCTIM samples containing different mass fractions of CF and the PA@SiO2 nanocapsules

Fig.8 Temperature rise curves[(a),(c)] and equilibrium temperature [(b),(d)] of the simulative chip when employing the PDMS based PCTIM samples containing different mass fractions of CF and the PA@SiO2 nanocapsules

Fig.9 DSC curves of 34Ne-9CF before and after experiencing 100 heating-cooling cycles

Table 3 Phase change characteristics of 34Ne-9CF before and after experiencing 100 heating-cooling cycles

样品	T_m/℃	T_f/℃	H_m/(J/g)	H_f/(J/g)
34Ne-9CF	72.75	74.17	45.6	44.1
34Ne-9CF（100th）	72.62	73.77	44.6	43.2

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