Research progress in the application of lignin-based carbon fiber composite materials in energy storage components

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230208

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the advantages of low cost, renewability, abundant sources, simple preparation process and controllable structure of lignin natural polymer, it has been used to prepare carbon fiber and applied to energy storage components such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries. The advantages of fast charge and discharge speed, high energy density and long cycle life have been confirmed and applied. The process technology and fiber properties of lignin-based carbon fibers prepared by spinning method in recent years were systematically reviewed. Based on the structural design diversity of lignin-based carbon fibers, the different electrochemical properties of different lignin-based carbon fibers as electrode materials for supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries were summarized. In addition, an overview of the development prospects and challenges of lignin-based carbon fiber composites was provided to think for the next step of research and development of lignin-based carbon fiber composites.

Key words: lignin, carbon fiber, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries

摘要：

基于木质素天然高分子成本低、可再生性、来源丰富、制备工艺简单以及结构可控等优势，将其制备成碳纤维并应用于超级电容器、可充电电池等储能元件，进一步发挥其充放电速度快、能量密度高和循环寿命长等优异的性能，已得到证实及应用。本文系统综述了近年来利用纺丝方法制备的木质素基碳纤维的过程工艺与纤维性能，并基于木质素基碳纤维在结构设计上的多样性，重点总结了不同木质素基碳纤维用作超级电容器和可充电电池电极材料所表现出的差异化电化学性能。此外，对木质素基碳纤维复合材料的发展前景和面临的挑战进行了展望，为木质素基碳纤维复合材料的下一步研究和开发提供思路。

关键词: 木质素, 碳纤维, 超级电容器, 锂离子电池, 钠离子电池

CLC Number:

TQ 342.742

Jing LI, Conghao SHEN, Daliang GUO, Jing LI, Lizheng SHA, Xin TONG. Research progress in the application of lignin-based carbon fiber composite materials in energy storage components[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2322-2334.

李靖, 沈聪浩, 郭大亮, 李静, 沙力争, 童欣. 木质素基碳纤维复合材料在储能元件中的应用研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2322-2334.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Lignin structural unit and internal linkage type

Fig.2 Preparation process of lignin-based carbon fiber

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of melt spinning process

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of solution spinning process

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of electrospinning process

Table 1 The main process conditions and fiber properties of lignin-based carbon fibers prepared by electrospinning

原料	静电纺丝参数	木质素纤维直径	木质素基碳纤维性能	文献
L	电压: 20 kV 距离: 15 cm 针规: 20 G	26.11 μm ± 8 μm	比表面积: 65.99 m²/g 孔径: 3.75 nm 孔容: 0.06 cm³/g 直径: 21.05 μm ± 9.00 μm	[18]
L/PAN	电压: 15 kV 流速: 5 μl/min 距离: 20 cm 针规: 22 G	1920 nm± 150 nm	抗张强度: 22 MPa ± 1 MPa 拉伸模量: 2.4 GPa ± 0.2 GPa 伸长率: 1.2% ± 0.1%	[19]
L/PEO	电压: 15 kV 流速: 0.31 ml/h 距离: 15 cm 针规: 22 G	1030 nm	直径: 660 nm	[20]
L/PLA	电压: 7.7 kV 流速: 30 μl/min 距离: 10 cm	200~600 nm	比电容: 214.4 F/g 500次充放电循环后保持611 mA·h/g	[21]
L/PVA	电压: 17 kV 流速: 0.5 ml/h 距离: 20 cm 针规: 0.6 mm	182 nm ± 27 nm	直径: 21.05 μm ± 9.00 μm 比表面积: 1419 m²/g 平均孔径: 2.2 nm	[22]
L/PVP/MgO	电压: 15 kV 流速: 0.2 ml/h 距离: 15 cm	>124 nm	比表面积:1140 m²/g 孔容: 0.627 cm³/g	[23]

Fig.6 SEM images and electrochemical properties of lignin-PAN carbon nanofibers at different carbonization temperatures[25]

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of mechanism of electric double layer capacitor based on porous electrode material[30]

Fig.8 Application of lignin-based carbon fiber in the field of supercapacitors

Fig.9 Working mechanism of Li-ion battery (LiCoO2/Li + electrolyte/graphite)[62]

Fig.10 Application of lignin-based carbon nanofibers in Li-ion battery field

Fig.11 Application of lignin-based carbon nanofibers in sodium ion batteries

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